我国生态补偿的道德依据及实践机制初探

发布时间：2018-01-30 23:32

本文关键词： 生态补偿道德依据实践历程代内公正代际公正　出处：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着中国经济发展过程中环境污染、生态破坏等问题逐渐突出,生态环境问题日益成为理论与实践关注的对象。党的十八届三中全会上特别提出“建设生态文明,必须建立系统完整的生态文明制度体系,实行资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿制度”;2015年9月11日召开的中共中央政治局会议提出进一步加快生态文明建设的步伐;党的十八届五中全会把绿色发展提升到了新高度。面对这个关系到人类生存与延续、经济发展与社会进步的重大问题,必须引起我们的深刻重视与反思。在构建社会主义和谐社会的新时代下,生态补偿制度的提出为解决生态环境问题提供了新对策。本文首先阐释了生态补偿的研究背景与研究意义,综述了生态补偿在国内外研究现状,对生态补偿的词义进行了考究,从而阐释了生态补偿的内涵及主要类型,并结合其在中国的实践历程,发现仍然存在的一些问题。本文从道德视角出发,认为环境公正是社会公正的重要组成部分,是生态文明建设的基本内容,也是构建生态补偿制度的思想基础。通过让人们正确理解代内公正、代际公正不仅表现在人与人之间,而且也表现在人与自然之间,即自然存在价值,把道德的范畴从人与人的关系延伸到了人与自然的关系,从而在思想上改变人们对待自然环境的价值观和思想意识形态,这为生态补偿制度的建立与实施提供了道德依据。虽然我国生态补偿的实践历程有30余年之久,但仍存在一些问题,比如,生态补偿的理念没有深入人心,生态补偿法律法规意识淡薄,人们随意过度开采资源、破坏生态后却没对生态环境进行补偿或恢复,同时,执法部门执法力度不够,本文针对上述问题提出了促进我国生态补偿深入开展的几点对策,以期活跃对这一重大问题的研究。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's economy, environmental pollution, ecological destruction and other problems have become increasingly prominent. The problem of ecological environment has increasingly become the object of theoretical and practical concern. At the third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee, it was put forward that "to build ecological civilization, we must establish a systematic and complete system of ecological civilization." Implementing the system of compensated use of resources and the system of ecological compensation "; In September 11th 2015, the meeting of the political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee proposed to further accelerate the pace of ecological civilization; The Fifth Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee raised the green development to a new height, which is a major problem related to the survival and continuity of human beings, economic development and social progress. We must pay great attention to and reflect on the construction of a harmonious socialist society in the new era. The proposal of ecological compensation system provides new countermeasures for solving ecological environmental problems. Firstly, this paper explains the research background and significance of ecological compensation, and summarizes the current research situation of ecological compensation at home and abroad. The meaning of ecological compensation has been studied, and the connotation and main types of ecological compensation have been explained, and some problems still exist have been found in combination with its practice in China. This article starts from the perspective of morality. It is considered that environmental justice is an important part of social justice, the basic content of ecological civilization construction, and the ideological basis of constructing ecological compensation system. Intergenerational justice is not only expressed between man and man, but also between man and nature, that is, the value of natural existence, which extends the category of morality from the relationship between man and man to the relationship between man and nature. In order to change the ideological values of people to the natural environment and ideological ideology. This provides a moral basis for the establishment and implementation of ecological compensation system. Although the practice of ecological compensation in China has been more than 30 years, there are still some problems, for example, the concept of ecological compensation has not been deeply accepted. The awareness of ecological compensation laws and regulations is weak, people exploit resources arbitrarily, but after destroying the ecology, they do not compensate or restore the ecological environment, at the same time, the law enforcement departments are not enough to enforce the law. In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward some countermeasures to promote the development of ecological compensation in China, with a view to making active research on this important issue.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321

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