艾比湖湿地边缘带人为干扰与生态服务价值关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 23:25

本文关键词： 人为干扰生态服务价值艾比湖边缘带关系　出处：《新疆师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：艾比湖湿地边缘带有着独特的自然环境特征和生态功能,自20世纪50年代以来湖泊面积不断缩减,干涸湖底大面积裸露于地表,在来自阿拉山口的风力作用下,成为我国内四大沙尘源地之一,影响了当地及天山北坡经济带乃至东部地区的环境。本文选择艾比湖湿地边缘带为研究对象,通过实地考察和相关数据的结合分析,建立了一套研究区人为干扰综合评价指标体系,通过熵权法和线性综合加权法得到研究区1990、2000、2010年人为干扰强度值;以同期TM/ETM+遥感影像和土地利用、经济统计数据为数据源,参考Constanza、谢高地等人的研究成果,计算出三个时期的生态服务价值;最后通过定量计算得到人为干扰强度和生态服务价值结果来探讨二者之间的关系。得出如下结论:(1)人为干扰强度:1990-2010年间,研究区人为干扰总强度总体呈逐渐递增趋势。其中1990年至2000年人为干扰强度缓慢增加,2000年之后增速较快。反映研究区人为干扰强度的社会、经济、土地、景观四个层面因素都呈增长趋势;1990年和2000年土地层面的因素影响作用最大;2010年经济层面的因素影响作用最大。(2)生态服务价值格局变化:研究区三个时期的生态服务总价值,整体为逐渐下降的趋势;根据各单项生态服务价值构成分析,湿地边缘带生态系统服务性功能价值远远大于生产性功能价值;生态系统提供的各项生态服务功能都处于下降阶段。(3)人为干扰与生态服务价值关系:在研究时段内人为干扰强度变化与流域范围内人为干扰强弱变化保持一致,呈逐渐增强趋势。1990-2000年间,人为干扰对各景观类型生态服务价值有小幅度影响;2000-2010年间人为干扰对生态服务价值影响变大。研究区内人为干扰强度是流域内人为干扰的一部分,对湿地边缘带各单项生态服务价值变化有一定影响,突出表现在食物生产和原材料生产功能上。由于湿地、草地生态系统在研究区各生态系统所提供服务功能中的重要地位,因此本地区在发展中应更加注重对湿地、草地生态系统的保护,以减缓各项生态服务功能的降低趋势,减慢研究区生态环境的退化。
[Abstract]:The edge of Ebinur Wetland is characterized by unique natural environment and ecological functions. Since 1950s, the lake area has been shrinking, and the dry lake bottom has been exposed to the surface of the earth. Due to the wind force from Alashankou, it has become one of the four major dust sources in China, which has affected the environment of the local area, the northern slope economic belt of Tianshan Mountain and even the eastern region. In this paper, the Ebinur Lake Wetland marginal Zone is selected as the research object. A comprehensive evaluation index system of human disturbance in the study area is established through field investigation and analysis of related data. The study area 1990 / 2000 is obtained by entropy weight method and linear comprehensive weighting method. In 2010, the intensity of human disturbance; Taking the TM/ETM remote sensing image and land use and economic statistics as data sources and referring to the research results of Constanza and Xie Gao et al, the value of ecological service in three periods was calculated. Finally, the relationship between human disturbance intensity and ecological service value is discussed by quantitative calculation, and the following conclusion is drawn: 1) Human disturbance intensity:: 1990-2010. The total intensity of anthropogenic interference in the study area was increasing gradually, and the intensity of anthropogenic interference increased slowly from 1990 to 2000. After 2000, the growth rate was faster. The social, economic, land and landscape factors, which reflected the intensity of human disturbance in the study area, showed an increasing trend. In 1990 and 2000, the factors of land level had the most influence; In 2010, the economic factors had the greatest influence on the value pattern of ecological services: the total value of ecological services in the three periods of the study area was gradually decreasing; According to the analysis of each individual ecosystem service value composition, the ecosystem service function value of wetland marginal zone is much larger than that of production function value. All ecosystem services are at a declining stage. The relationship between anthropogenic disturbance and ecological service value: in the study period, the change of anthropogenic interference intensity was consistent with the variation of the intensity of anthropogenic disturbance in the watershed. From 1990 to 2000, anthropogenic disturbance had a small influence on the value of ecological services of different landscape types. From 2000 to 2010, the impact of anthropogenic interference on the value of ecological services increased. The intensity of anthropogenic interference in the study area is a part of anthropogenic interference in the basin. It has certain influence on the changes of individual ecological service value in the edge zone of wetland, especially in the function of food production and raw material production. Grassland ecosystem plays an important role in the service function provided by each ecosystem in the study area. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the protection of wetland and grassland ecosystem in the development of this area. In order to slow down the decline trend of ecological service function and slow down the degradation of ecological environment in the study area.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171

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