炼锡废渣多组分回收工艺

发布时间：2018-02-04 15:15

  本文关键词： 炼锡废渣 锡 硫酸钙晶须 回收 二氧化硅 硫酸钡　出处：《江苏理工学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：炼锡废渣是有色冶炼工艺电弧炉炼锡时产生的污染性废渣。平均每生产1t锡,就附带产生约1.5 t~2.5 t冶炼废渣,这些冶炼废渣中的有价金属具有很大的回收价值。而由于回收步骤繁琐,单一回收经济价值不高等因素,目前冶炼废渣回收的研究在我国还未实现工业化。与此同时,大量的冶炼废渣被作为建筑原料处理,填埋处理或者是堆放填埋处理等。大量的冶炼废渣堆置,给水、土等一系列环境造成了污染,严重威胁着人类生存环境。从经济和资源角度考虑,综合回收冶炼废渣具有很大的意义。因此,本文开展了用炼锡废渣制备金属锡、硫酸钙晶须、微米级硫酸钡及纳米二氧化硅的研究,以浙江某有色金属企业电炉炼锡的炉渣为实验原料,选用盐酸作为浸取剂,利用盐酸除杂能力强这一特点,用适量的盐酸除去炉渣中的Si、Ca、Ba等有价组分,使炉渣中的锡组分在渣中富集,使得杂质组分和锡组分分离。过滤后的滤液回收硫酸钙晶须、纳米二氧化硅、硫酸钡等产品。滤渣用强酸进行湿法富集,获得富含锡的液体。最终用活泼金属分别进行进行除杂和置换沉淀,最终获得金属锡。在整个反应过程中实现了反应的闭路循环,原料利用率高,变废为宝。首先采用酸浸除杂工艺,以炼锡废渣作为试验原料,将原料和水配成悬浮溶液,控制反应液固比、反应温度、搅拌速度等因素,调节盐酸酸度,对炼锡废渣进行酸浸反应。分别获得富锡渣和除杂液。富锡渣中的锡含量由2%富集到14.96%。酸浸除杂反应最佳的工艺条件为:盐酸酸度为6 mol/L、L/S为25:1、反应温度40℃、搅拌速度为250 r/min。其次,用盐酸浸出富锡渣,获得含锡、锑的酸浸液。采用含金属锌、锡的混合废料对酸浸液中的锑成分进行置换,确定了除锑的最佳工艺。除锑成分后的酸浸液,采用金属锌置换工艺回收锡,锡渣纯度为97.35%。本文还对酸浸除杂工艺获得的除杂液进行回收,获得了微米级硫酸钡、晶须硫酸钙,纳米二氧化硅。制备微米级硫酸钡,最合适的工艺条件为:反应温度为10~20℃、搅拌速度400 r/min、硫酸的浓度为40 wt%。晶须回收的最佳工艺流程为:反应温度在60℃,加入浓度为50 wt%的硫酸,搅拌速度250 r/min的条件下,反应时间4 h,产生的晶须形貌最佳。将回收Ca、Ba组分的液体进行蒸发回收其中的盐酸。回收盐酸后的液体进行二氧化硅的回收,回收二氧化硅粉末的最佳工艺条件为:在聚乙二醇2000为表面活性剂,反应温度为60~90℃,搅拌速度为400 r/min。
[Abstract]:Tin smelting waste slag is a kind of polluting waste slag produced by non-ferrous smelting process in arc furnace. On average, about 1.5 t / 2. 5 t of smelting slag is produced for every 1 t of tin produced. The valuable metals in these slag have great recovery value. However, because of the complicated recovery steps, the economic value of single recovery is not high. At present, the research of smelting waste residue recovery has not been industrialized in China. At the same time, a large number of smelting waste slag is treated as construction raw material, landfill treatment or heap landfill treatment, and a large number of smelting waste residue stacked. A series of environmental pollution, such as water supply, soil and so on, seriously threaten the human survival environment. From the economic and resource point of view, the comprehensive recovery of smelting waste is of great significance. In this paper, the preparation of metal tin, calcium sulfate whisker, micron barium sulfate and nanometer silica from tin smelting waste residue was carried out. The slag of electric furnace smelting tin from a non-ferrous metal enterprise in Zhejiang Province was used as the experimental raw material. By using hydrochloric acid as leaching agent and using hydrochloric acid as a strong impurity removal agent, the valuable components such as Si-CaPa-Ba in slag are removed with appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid, so that the tin component in slag can be enriched in slag. After filtration, calcium sulfate whisker, nano-silica, barium sulfate and other products are recovered. The filter residue is wet enriched with strong acid. Tin rich liquid was obtained. Finally active metal was used to remove impurity and replace precipitate and finally metal tin was obtained. The closed circuit of reaction was realized in the whole reaction process and the utilization rate of raw material was high. Firstly, acid leaching process was used to remove impurities, and the waste residue of tin smelting was used as the experimental raw material. The raw materials and water were mixed into suspension solution to control the reaction liquid-solid ratio, reaction temperature, stirring speed and other factors to adjust the acidity of hydrochloric acid. Tin rich residue and impurity removal solution were obtained by acid leaching reaction. The tin content in tin rich slag was enriched from 2% to 14.96. The optimum technological conditions for acid leaching were as follows: acidity of hydrochloric acid was 6. Mol/L. L / S is 25: 1, reaction temperature is 40 鈩，

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