多胺改性黄麻吸附重金属铜离子材料的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 20:03

  本文关键词： 突发污染 改性黄麻 吸附 络合 氨基基团　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国重金属离子突发性污染事故应急处理技术中,吸附法应用最为广泛,而吸附材料多为颗粒状,实际应用中需装袋投放,在水流湍急的事故现场会产生很大的流体阻力,会显著降低处理效率、增大处理难度。黄麻纤维具有高通量、低流阻、易获取的特点且有较高的机械强度,在实际应用中可不用装袋直接投放,且易于回收,是一种应急处理现场适用性非常好的材料。本文针对目前黄麻纤维材料吸附容量低、拉伸强度差等问题,以黄麻为基体,利用其纤维素上的羟基与环氧氯丙烷之间的醚化作用和三乙烯四胺的胺化作用,经两步反应对黄麻进行改性,制备了多胺型黄麻吸附材料。并对该多胺型黄麻吸附材料的制备条件进行了优化和结构表征。结果表明,多胺型黄麻吸附材料的最佳制备条件为:黄麻清洗干净后用沸水煮30 min,15%Na OH浸泡30 min后洗至中性晾干作为预处理;试剂比例为1 g黄麻:5 m L环氧氯丙烷:5 m L三乙烯四胺;两步反应的温度均为90℃;醚化阶段反应时间为3 h,胺化阶段用时1 h。经FTIR分析表明有外部基团附着在黄麻表面,且保持一定的机械强度。在多胺型黄麻材料吸附性能及机理研究中,分析了各吸附条件对Cu(II)离子吸附效果的影响。结果表明,p H在4~6,温度在10~30℃范围内,随着吸附反应温度升高,改性后黄麻对Cu(II)离子吸附效果有较大幅度提高;且20 min可达到吸附平衡。改性前黄麻对Cu(II)离子的饱和吸附量仅为7 mg/g,而改性后则提高到120 mg/g,效果非常明显。对材料的再生结果表明,硝酸对黄麻有较好的再生效果,可实现材料的重复利用。并对结果进行了动力学、热力学及机理探讨。在多胺型黄麻材料处理含铜废水研究中,分析了改性后黄麻对吸附柱型动态装置和明渠型动态装置吸附效果的影响,结果表明:Yoon-Nelson模型在较高流速和较高初始浓度条件下拟合效果更好。由材料填充方式分析可知:横+散的填充方式,不仅可以保持较高的过水通量,还可对水中Cu(II)离子取得较好的去除效果;由明渠型动态装置模拟结果可知:在横+散这种材料填充方式下,最终水中Cu(II)离子的去除率可达到90%以上,效果明显,有很重要的实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:In the emergency treatment technology of heavy metal ion sudden pollution accident, the adsorption method is the most widely used, but the adsorption material is mostly granular, so it is necessary to bag and put in the bag in the practical application, which will produce great fluid resistance in the accident scene of the rapid current. The jute fiber has the characteristics of high throughput, low flow resistance, easy to obtain and high mechanical strength. In practical application, it can be put in directly without bagging, and can be easily recovered. This paper aims at the problems of low adsorption capacity and poor tensile strength of jute fiber materials and takes jute as matrix. Jute was modified by two-step reaction by using the etherification of hydroxyl groups on cellulose and epichlorohydrin and the amination of triethylenetetramine. The polyamine-type jute adsorption material was prepared, and the preparation conditions and structure of the polyamine-type jute adsorption material were optimized and characterized. The optimum preparation conditions of polyamine-type jute adsorption materials were as follows: after washing jute, boiling water was boiled for 30 minutes, soaking for 30 min and soaking it for 30 min, then washing it to neutral air as pretreatment, the ratio of reagents was 1 g jute to 5 mL epichlorohydrin: 5 mL triethylenetetramine; The reaction temperature was 90 鈩，

本文编号：1513771