生态文明视角下我国区域环境时空差异研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 16:32

本文关键词： 生态文明环境效率时空差异 SBM-Undesirable模型空间自相关　出处：《天津理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自工业革命以来,生产力得到进一步的提升,世界经济也因此得到快速的发展,但在经济快速发展的同时,周边的环境质量也在日渐恶化。现阶段,环境问题已成为阻碍世界各国可持续发展的重要难题之一,如何有效地评价和改善区域的环境质量的研究也逐渐引起众多学者的高度关注。本文立足于国内外生态文明以及环境效率的相关研究,从生态文明的视角出发构建区域环境效率评价指标体系,以SBM-Undesirable模型作为主要的评价方法分析我国区域的环境效率的基本状况,通过采用Malmquist生产率指数、非期望产出的SBM-Undesirable模型的指标修正方法和空间数据分析法从时间和空间维度进一步剖析影响区域环境效率的因素并且尝试探索影响其差异形成的原因,并提出相应对策建议。通过对我国区域环境效率的研究得出以下几点结论:1.2003-2012期间我国各省市的环境效率水平总体在平稳进步,东部沿海部区域的环境效率水平一直处于全国前列,中部与中西部区域的环境效率水平进步幅度显著,北部和西部区域的环境效率水平进步幅度较小,总体环境效率水平与东部沿海区域和中西部区域的差距逐步扩大。2.整体上对环境全要素生产率的贡献呈规模效率变化纯技术效率变化技术进步变化。纯技术效率变化一直对各省市环境全要素生产率起到积极的作用。2009年后规模效率变化对环境全要素生产率的主导作用减弱,其可能是减少对环境的投入所致。相对规模效率变化和纯技术效率变化而言技术进步变化已成为环境全要素生产率提高的“跛脚点”,亟需对其引起重视。3.通过分析主要年份的环境效率无效的省市发现,北部区域和西部区域中有不少省份存在资源投入浪费的现象,并且这种现象还在逐年加剧。被评定为环境效率无效的省份的负产出超标量总体呈现下降的态势,西部区域生活环境的质量也在逐渐降低。4.2003-2012期间我国北部和东南部地区环境效率的集聚空间格局变化并不明显,仍然为“低-低”和“高-高”集聚型,反映我国北部和东南部地区的环境效率已呈现两极化趋势。中部和西南部地区环境效率的集聚型由“低-高”集聚型进入“高-低”集聚型,说明中部和西南部地区环境效率得到明显的提高。所属于中部与西南部地区的河北、四川、重庆等省市与部分东南部地区的集聚特征日趋明显,导致原有的三类型集聚空间格局分布正逐渐转变为两类型空间格局分布。5.通过分析5个区域内各省市主要年份的局部空间集聚情况发现,东部沿海区域的集聚程度在逐年上涨,中部区域和中西部区域的集聚程度却在缓慢的下降,北部和西部区域的集聚程度变化并不明显。利用Theil指数分析法得出结果显示,东部沿海区域内的空间差异比较显著,中部区域和中西部区域也存在较大的差异,西部区域和北部区域的差异性并不明显。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial revolution, the productivity has been further improved, and the world economy has also developed rapidly. However, with the rapid development of the economy, the quality of the surrounding environment is also deteriorating day by day. At this stage, Environmental problems have become one of the most important problems hindering the sustainable development of all countries in the world. How to effectively evaluate and improve the environmental quality of the region has gradually attracted the attention of many scholars. This paper is based on the research of ecological civilization and environmental efficiency at home and abroad. From the perspective of ecological civilization, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of regional environmental efficiency, takes the SBM-Undesirable model as the main evaluation method to analyze the basic situation of regional environmental efficiency in China, and adopts the Malmquist productivity index. The index correction method and spatial data analysis method of SBM-Undesirable model with non-expected output are used to further analyze the factors that affect the regional environmental efficiency from the time and spatial dimensions and try to explore the reasons that affect the formation of the differences. Based on the study of regional environmental efficiency in China, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. The environmental efficiency level of provinces and cities in China is progressing steadily in the period 2003-2012. The environmental efficiency level of the eastern coastal region has always been in the forefront of the whole country. The environmental efficiency level of the central and central regions has improved significantly, while that of the northern and western regions has been relatively small. The gap between the overall environmental efficiency level and the eastern coastal regions and the central and western regions has gradually widened .2. the overall contribution to the total environmental factor productivity has changed with the change of scale efficiency, the change of pure technical efficiency, the change of technological progress, and the change of pure technical efficiency. The change has been playing a positive role in environmental total factor productivity (TFP) of provinces and cities. After 2009, the dominant effect of scale efficiency change on TFP was weakened. It may be due to the reduction of input to the environment. Relative to the change of scale efficiency and pure technological efficiency, the change of technological progress has become the "lame spot" for the increase of total factor productivity of environment. Analysis of the main years of environmental efficiency of the provinces and cities found that, In the northern and western regions, there is a waste of resources in many provinces, and this phenomenon is increasing year by year. The quality of living environment in the western region is also decreasing gradually. 4. The agglomeration spatial pattern of environmental efficiency in the northern and southeast regions of China between 2003 and 2012 is not obvious, and it is still "low-low" and "high-high" agglomeration pattern. The results show that the environmental efficiency in the north and southeast of China has been polarized. The concentration pattern of environmental efficiency in the central and southwest regions has changed from "low-high" to "high-low". It shows that the environmental efficiency of the central and southwest regions has been improved obviously. The gathering characteristics of Hebei, Sichuan, Chongqing and some southeast areas belonging to the central and southwest regions are becoming more and more obvious. As a result, the original spatial pattern distribution of three types of agglomeration is gradually changing into two types of spatial pattern distribution. 5. By analyzing the local spatial agglomeration of the provinces and cities in the five regions, it is found that the agglomeration degree of the eastern coastal region is increasing year by year. However, the degree of agglomeration in the central region and the central and western regions is decreasing slowly, but the change of the concentration degree in the northern and western regions is not obvious. The results of Theil index analysis show that the spatial differences in the eastern coastal areas are significant. There is also a great difference between the central region and the central and western region, but the difference between the western region and the northern region is not obvious.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X21

【参考文献】