淮南潘集矿区生态系统服务价值评估研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 11:20

本文关键词： 土地利用利用/覆盖生态演变生物多样性生态系统服务功能价值淮南潘集矿区　出处：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大规模持续的矿业开发活动极大地改变了矿区的地形地貌、土地利用类型、水循环、生物多样性、景观等生态要素,改变了原来的生态结构和功能,正确评价人工活动干预下矿区系统的服务功能价值,对推进矿区生态文明建设,促进矿区可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以淮南潘集矿区5个井田(潘一矿、潘二矿、潘三矿、潘北矿、朱集矿)为研究区域,分析了采煤驱动下矿区多年土地利用利用/覆盖变化规律及趋势,研究了矿区多年生态演变规律,估算了矿区生态系统服务功能价值,得到以下结果:(1)淮南潘集矿区多源遥感解译结果表明,矿区经过30多年的开采,目前,研究区耕地、建设用地、林地、水体分别占43.96%、29.04%、15.99%、11.01%,耕地仍然占主导地位;从1987到2014年,淮南潘集矿区土地利用类型主要变化趋势表现为耕地面积逐年减少,林地、水体、建设用地面积逐年增加。(2)潘集矿区生物多样性调查结果表明,研究区域内乔木、灌木等高等植物覆盖较少,以草本植物生长为主。同时,随着恢复年限的增加,物种多样性指数(H)和物种均匀度指数(J)从大到小依次为:未开采开采31年开采25年开采22年开采6年开采4年。开采状态下研究区植物群落的相对频度、相对多度、相对盖度整体低于未开采样地植物群落的相对频度、相对多度、相对盖度。(3)建立矿区生态系统服务价值综合评估模型,评估了淮南潘集矿区生态系统服务价值,从1987年到2014年淮南潘集矿区生态系统服务价值总体呈现增长趋势。其价值从1987年的319.83百万元增加到2014年的739.95百万元。在评估的9个指标中,到2014年,农副产品、渔业产品、水源涵养、科研文化、娱乐休闲、为生物提供生境、生物资源和生物多样性的经济价值均有所增加,而固定碳和释放氧的经济价值呈波动减少趋势。
[Abstract]:The large-scale and continuous mining development has greatly changed the ecological elements such as topography, landform, land use type, water cycle, biodiversity, landscape and so on, and changed the original ecological structure and function. To evaluate correctly the service function of mining area system under artificial activity intervention is of great significance to promote the construction of ecological civilization in mining area and promote the sustainable development of mining area. Panbei Mine, Zhuji Mine) as a research area, this paper analyzes the law and trend of land use / cover change in mining area driven by coal mining over many years, studies the law of ecological evolution in mining area for many years, and estimates the value of ecosystem service function in mining area. The results obtained are as follows: 1) the results of multi-source remote sensing interpretation of Panji mining area in Huainan show that after more than 30 years of mining in the mining area, at present, the cultivated land, construction land, forest land and water in the study area account for 43.96%, 29.04% and 15.99% 11.01%, respectively, and the cultivated land still dominates; from 1987 to 2014, The main change trend of land use type in Panji mining area of Huainan shows that the cultivated land area decreases year by year, the area of woodland, water body and construction land increases year by year. Shrubs and other higher plants are less covered, and the growth of herbaceous plants is dominant. At the same time, with the increase of recovery years, The order of species diversity index (H) and species evenness index (J) from large to small are as follows: no mining for 31 years, mining for 25 years, mining for 22 years, mining for 4 years, and relative frequency and abundance of plant communities in the study area under mining conditions. The relative coverage was lower than the relative frequency, relative abundance and relative coverage of plant community in the unsampled area. The comprehensive evaluation model of ecosystem service value of mining area was established, and the ecosystem service value of Panji mining area in Huainan was evaluated. From 1987 to 2014, the value of ecosystem services in Panji mining area of Huainan showed an overall increasing trend. The value of ecosystem services increased from 319.83 million yuan in 1987 to 739.95 million yuan in 1987. The economic value of water conservation, scientific research and culture, recreation and recreation, providing habitat for organisms, biological resources and biodiversity increased, while the economic value of carbon fixation and oxygen release decreased.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826

【参考文献】