典型生活垃圾填埋场作业面恶臭物质释放特征及源解析

发布时间：2018-02-26 06:00

本文关键词： 生活垃圾填埋场作业面恶臭释放源解析　出处：《清华大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国城市生活垃圾产生量的急剧增加,垃圾处理处置过程所带来环境问题也逐渐凸显。其中,填埋作为我国主要的生活垃圾处理方式,其所产生的恶臭污染问题已经引起了人们的广泛关注。作业面是生活垃圾填埋场的主要恶臭污染源,因此,探索作业面的恶臭物质释放规律及恶臭浓度变化、进而对恶臭物质进行源解析,对于日后填埋场恶臭污染的控制以及新建填埋场恶臭防护距离的确定有着重要意义。本研究系统调查了一年四季填埋场作业面VOCs的释放特征,发现不同季节,作业面检出的恶臭物质种类及浓度均有所不同。其中,春季共检出41种,平均浓度为2,482.6μg·m-3;夏季共检出59种,平均浓度为4,512.6μg·m-3;秋季共检出66种,平均浓度为2,438.4μg·m-3;冬季共检出54种,平均浓度为2,901μg·m-3。检出的恶臭物质可分为含硫化合物、含氧化合物、芳香烃、烷烃/烯烃、卤代烃、萜烯六大类,其中,含氧化合物是作业面所有样品中含量最高的物质。异丁烷、乙醇、柠檬烯、丁烷、甲苯及三氯一氟甲烷则是填埋场作业面浓度最高的物质。本研究也对生活垃圾填埋场作业面恶臭污染随时间的变化特征进行了探索。通过三点比较式臭袋法及与阈稀释倍数法分别得出了作业面不同时间的实际及理论恶臭浓度,发现春季、秋季作业面恶臭污染变化较为严重,夏季和冬季的恶臭浓度则相对较低;作业面恶臭高发时段为白天14:00及凌晨2:00-6:00。恶臭浓度与作业面总VOCs浓度的相关系数为0.41;气象条件也对恶臭浓度有所影响,其中,温度、大气压的变化是最重要的制约因素。另外,通过特定方法筛选出乙醇、α-蒎烯、硫化氢、甲硫醚、柠檬烯、甲硫醇、二甲二硫醚和乙硫醚共8种物质作为生活垃圾填埋场作业面的恶臭指标物质。通过实验室模拟实验,对填埋场厌氧降解过程中的恶臭物质产生进行了源解析。结果表明,含氧化合物主要来源于生活垃圾可降解组分中淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪等物质的水解酸化;含硫化合物则主要来源于肉类废弃物等蛋白质含量较高的物质;萜烯类化合物主要产生自水果类废弃物;而芳香烃、卤代烃、烷烃/烯烃等物质则可能主要来源于生活垃圾中的非生物可降解组分,其释放速率与产甲烷速率相关。含硫化合物和萜烯类化合物是产甲烷阶段的主要致臭物质,控制厨余垃圾尤其是肉类及水果类废弃物进入填埋场能够实现恶臭污染物的源头削减,对于填埋场恶臭污染控制工程具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid increase of municipal solid waste (MSW) production in China, the environmental problems brought about by the process of garbage disposal and disposal are becoming more and more prominent. Among them, landfill is the main disposal method of domestic waste in China. The problem of stench pollution caused by it has been paid more and more attention. The working surface is the main pollution source of domestic refuse landfill. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the regularity of odour release and the change of stench concentration. Furthermore, the analysis of the sources of odorous substances is of great significance to the control of odor pollution in the landfill and the determination of the protection distance of the new landfill. This study systematically investigated the characteristics of VOCs release from the worksurface of the landfill throughout the year. It was found that the types and concentrations of odors were different in different seasons. Among them, 41 species were detected in spring, 59 species were detected in summer, and 66 species were detected in autumn, 59 species in summer, 4,512.6 渭 g 路m-3 in summer, and 66 species in autumn, respectively, in which 41 species were detected in spring, 59 species in summer, 4,512.6 渭 g 路m -3 in summer and 66 species in autumn, respectively. The average concentration was 2,438.4 渭 g 路m ~ (-3), and the average concentration was 2,901 渭 g 路m ~ (-3) in winter. The odors could be classified into six categories: sulfur compounds, oxygen-containing compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes / olefins, halides and terpenes, among which, Oxygen compounds are the most abundant of all samples on the surface. Isobutane, ethanol, limonene, butane, Toluene and trichloromethane were the most concentrated substances in landfill. This study also explored the variation characteristics of stink pollution over time. The actual and theoretical stench concentrations at different working time were obtained by the threshold dilution multiple method. It was found that the variation of stench pollution was serious in spring and autumn, but the concentration of stench in summer and winter was relatively low. The period of high incidence of occupational stench is 14:00 in the day and 2: 00-6: 00 in the morning. The correlation coefficient between the stench concentration and the total VOCs concentration of the working surface is 0.41.The weather conditions also affect the stench concentration, among which, the change of temperature and atmospheric pressure is the most important factor. Eight substances, ethanol, 伪 -pinene, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, limonene, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide and ethyl sulfide were selected by specific methods. The source analysis of odorous substances in the process of anaerobic degradation of landfill site was carried out. The results showed that the oxygen-containing compounds were mainly derived from hydrolytic acidification of starch, protein, fat and other substances in degradable components of MSW. Sulfur compounds are mainly derived from substances with high protein content, such as meat wastes; terpenes are mainly produced from fruit wastes; and aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, Alkanes / olefins and other substances may be mainly derived from non-biodegradable components in MSW, and their release rate is related to the methanogenic rate. Sulfur compounds and terpenes are the main odorizing substances in methanogenic stage. Controlling the entry of kitchen waste, especially meat and fruit wastes into landfills, can reduce the source of odour pollutants, which is of great significance to the engineering of controlling odor pollution in landfills.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3;X512

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