硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的启动及微生物群落结构解析

发布时间：2018-02-27 01:22

本文关键词： 生物脱氮亚硝酸盐型厌氧氨氧化硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化群落结构影响因素　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的提出使得人们对厌氧生物脱氮过程产生了新的认识,同时为低碳氮比、高硫酸盐废水的治理找到了新的途径。但硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的启动时间过长、启动过程中对污泥微生物菌群结构的动态变化、演替规律以及运行条件的改变对硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的影响缺乏认识。本文通过在UASB反应器内接种厌氧颗粒污泥,成功启动亚硝酸还原厌氧氨氧化后,再用硫酸盐作为亚硝酸盐的替代电子受体来快速启动硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化。利用PCR-DGGE技术研究厌氧氨氧化转变过程中微生物群落结构变化,以此来探求污泥中微生物的改变与厌氧氨氧化的内在联系。同时研究了不同运行条件对硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的影响。论文研究得出如下主要结果:(1)在上流式反应器(有效体积6.3L),接种2.0 L西安市国维淀粉厂UASB中平均粒径:1.05mm(粒径分布:0.55-2.87mm)的厌氧颗粒污泥(SS:31430 mg/L,VSS:22440 mg/L,沉降速度:38.7-76.8m/h)。控制反应器的p H=7.6±0.5,HRT=1d,86天后,进水NH4+和NO2-浓度分别为80 mg/L和100 mg/L下,反应器对NH4+、NO2-去除率分别为95.2%、98.9%。NO2 和NH4+的去除摩尔比约为1.18:1,建立了亚硝酸盐型厌氧氨氧化。随后改变进水基质,逐步以硫酸盐代替亚硝酸盐,177d后成功实现了硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化。进水氨氮和硫酸盐浓度分别为130 mg/L和500 mg/L下,反应器对氨氮和硫酸盐的去除率分别达到58.9%和15.7%,对氨氮和硫酸盐的去除负荷为74.3 mg/L·d和77.5 mg/L·d,氮硫损失摩尔比约为2,出水p H值低于进水。污泥中细菌从以球菌为主转变成以短杆菌为主。(2)DGGE分析结果表明,所富集到的亚硝酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌在Gen Bank上命名为Uncultured Candidatus Brocadia sp.clone YLJ-1(KM583866),其与Gen Bank上已公布的Candidatus Brocadia sinica JPN1 genes(AB565477)相似度为100%。而将硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化污泥中优势菌命名为Uncultured Bacillus sp.clone YLJ-2(KP336392),其与Bacillus benzoevorans 16S r RNA gene(Y14693)的相似度为100%。16S r RNA发育树表明:两种菌的进化距离较远、亲缘关系相差很大。(3)在硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌的作用下,氨氮和硫酸盐按反应式2 NH4++SO42-→N2+S+4H2O生成氮气和单质硫。(4)在低负荷下,进水氮硫比越小,越有利于氨氮的去除。当水力停留时间HRT为12h时,氨氮的去除性能达到最高,其容积负荷达到0.06kg N/m3·d。进水中添加有机物的烧杯试验表明,异养型微生物的生长致使硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化受到抑制;在较高COD浓度800-1000mg/L,硫酸盐的去除主要靠系统中的硫酸盐还原作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the introduction of sulphate type anaerobic ammonia oxidation has made people have a new understanding of anaerobic biological nitrogen removal process, and it is also low carbon nitrogen ratio. The treatment of high sulphate wastewater has found a new way, but the start-up time of sulphate anaerobic ammonia oxidation is too long, and the dynamic change of microbial community structure of sludge during start-up process. The influence of succession law and operation conditions on the anaerobic ammonia oxidation of sulfate type was not understood. In this paper, the anaerobic granular sludge was inoculated in the UASB reactor, and the nitrite reduction anaerobic ammonia oxidation was successfully started. The sulfate was used as the substitute electron receptor of nitrite to start the sulphate anaerobic ammonia oxidation. The microbial community structure changes during the process of anaerobic ammonia oxidation were studied by PCR-DGGE technique. The effect of different operating conditions on anaerobic ammonia oxidation of sulfate type was studied. The main results of this study were as follows: 1) in upflow reaction. The anaerobic granular sludge (SS: 31430 mg / L), inoculated with 2.0 L UASB of Guowei starch Plant, Xi'an, with an average particle size of 1: 1.05mm (particle size distribution: 0.55-2.87mm), had a settling velocity of 38.7-76.8 mg / L / L, and the settling rate of SS: 22440 mg / L was 7.6 卤0.5 mg / h, 86 days after controlling the reactor. When the influent concentration of NH4 and NO2- were 80 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively, the removal rate of NH4 and NO2- was 95.2% and 98.9%, respectively. The removal molar ratio of NO2 and NH4 was about 1.18: 1. The nitrite anaerobic ammonia oxidation was established, and the influent substrate was changed. The sulphate anaerobic ammonia oxidation was successfully achieved after the replacement of nitrite with sulphate for 177d. The influent concentration of ammonia nitrogen and sulfate were 130 mg/L and 500 mg/L, respectively. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and sulfate reached 58.9% and 15.7, respectively. The removal load of ammonia nitrogen and sulfate was 74.3 mg/L 路d and 77.5 mg/L 路d, and the molar ratio of nitrogen and sulfur loss was about 2. The pH value of effluent was lower than that of influent. The results of DGGE analysis showed that. The nitrite type anaerobic oxidizing bacteria was named Uncultured Candidatus Brocadia sp.clone YLJ-1 KM583866 on Gen Bank, and its similarity to Candidatus Brocadia sinica JPN1 AB565477 published on Gen Bank was 100. The dominant bacteria in sulphate anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge was named Uncultured Bacillus sp.clone. The similarity between YLJ-2KP336392and Bacillus benzoevorans 16s r RNA gene Y14693) is 100.16s r RNA developmental tree. Under the action of sulfate type anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, ammonia nitrogen and sulfate are 2 NH4 so 4 2-. 鈫扷nder low load, the smaller the influent ratio of nitrogen to sulfur is, the more favorable the removal of ammonia nitrogen is. When the HRT is 12 h, the removal performance of ammonia nitrogen is the highest. The volume load reached 0.06kg N / m3 路d. The experimental results of beaker with organic compounds in the influent showed that the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms inhibited sulfate anaerobic ammonia oxidation. At higher COD concentration of 800-1000 mg / L, sulfate removal mainly depends on sulfate reduction in the system.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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