好氧颗粒污泥的快速启动及其对高氨氮化肥工业废水处理的研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 08:56

本文关键词： 好氧颗粒污泥启动时间外压力法高氨氮化肥工业废水　出处：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：好氧颗粒污泥技术因其具有沉降性能突出、微生物浓度高、耐毒抗冲击性能好、微生物种类多样以及同步硝化反硝化等优点,是目前污水生物处理领域尤其是处理高浓度有毒工业废水方面的研究热点,而如何缩短好氧颗粒污泥系统的启动时间是该技术在实际工业应用中需要重点突破的难题之一。基于此,本课题研究了外压力法简单快速启动好氧颗粒污泥系统的可行性、污泥颗粒化机理与物理模型以及对高氨氮实际化肥工业废水的处理效果。试验采用真空抽滤造粒的方式对活性污泥施加外压力将其制成人造颗粒污泥,在不添加其他辅助物质的条件下投入SBR反应器中培养。通过对不同操作参数下的人造颗粒污泥颗粒化过程及性能变化进行对比,结果表明:当人造颗粒污泥含水率和颗粒粒径分别在69.6%~86.4%和0.5 mm~2 mm的范围内时,含水率越低、粒径越大其颗粒化效果越好;但当含水率66.1%,粒径2.8 mm时,颗粒生物活性会显著降低,对污染物去除效果也变差。试验得出含水率为69.6%、粒径为2 mm的人造颗粒污泥的颗粒化效果最好,与接种普通活性污泥相比,这种操作参数下的人造颗粒污泥能大大缩短好氧颗粒污泥系统的启动时间,所形成的好氧颗粒污泥具有粒径大且分布集中、结构紧密、沉降性能好、脱氮效率高等优势,其完成颗粒化的时间、平均粒径、比重、SVI值和TN去除率分别为20 d、1.68 mm、1.048 g/cm3、29.5 m L/g和84.3%,而接种普通活性污泥依次为40 d、0.46 mm、1.024 g/cm3、54.3 m L/g和65.1%。分析外压力法能加速污泥颗粒化的关键机理为活性污泥在外压力作用下污泥快速脱水,可以促使微生物胞外聚合物(EPS)发生紧密桥联进而团聚成较大的颗粒,从而大大缩短了污泥疏水自凝聚和长大的时间。提出的颗粒化物理模型能够非常形象地描述外压力作用下好氧颗粒污泥的形成过程。处理高氨氮实际化肥工业废水的实验结果表明:经过45 d的驯化,颗粒污泥逐渐适应了实际废水,对COD、NH4+-N及TN的去除率分别达到93.5%、89.2%和66.5%,且对亚硝酸盐积累率始终保持在71%~84%之间,同时颗粒的物理性质基本维持稳定,说明这种好氧颗粒污泥具有较高的耐毒抗负荷冲击能力以及除污性能。综合以上,本论文利用外压力法可以达到简单快速启动好氧颗粒污泥系统的目的,并能获得较高的化肥工业废水处理效果,为好氧颗粒污泥在实际工业废水处理的应用提供了一定科学依据和技术支持。
[Abstract]:Aerobic granular sludge technology has the advantages of outstanding sedimentation, high microbial concentration, good toxicity and impact resistance, variety of microorganisms and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. It is a hot spot in the field of wastewater biological treatment, especially in the treatment of high concentration toxic industrial wastewater. However, how to shorten the start-up time of aerobic granular sludge system is one of the key problems that need to be broken through in practical industrial application. Based on this, the feasibility of simple and rapid start-up of aerobic granular sludge system by external pressure method is studied. The mechanism and physical model of sludge granulation and the treatment effect of practical chemical fertilizer industrial wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen were studied. The artificial granular sludge was made by applying external pressure to the activated sludge by vacuum filtration granulation. The artificial granular sludge was cultured in SBR reactor without adding other auxiliary substances. The granulation process and performance change of artificial granular sludge under different operating parameters were compared. The results showed that when the water content and particle size of artificial granular sludge were in the range of 69.6% and 0.5 mm~2 mm, respectively, the lower the water content, the better the granulation effect was, but when the water content was 66.1 mm and the particle diameter was 2.8 mm, the biological activity of the particles decreased significantly. The results showed that the granulation effect of artificial granular sludge with water content of 69.6 and diameter of 2 mm was the best, compared with that of inoculation of common activated sludge. The artificial granular sludge under this operating parameters can greatly shorten the start-up time of aerobic granular sludge system. The resulting aerobic granular sludge has the advantages of large particle size, concentrated distribution, compact structure, good settling performance and high denitrification efficiency. The time to finish granulation, the average particle size, The specific gravity SVI value and TN removal rate were 1.68 mm / 1.048 g / cm 3 29.5 mL / g and 84.3 mm / g, respectively, while the average activated sludge inoculation was 40 days 0.46 mm / kg 1.024 g / cm 3 (54.3 mL / g) and 65.1 ml / g respectively. The key mechanism of external pressure method to accelerate granulation of sludge was the external pressure action of activated sludge. Rapid dewatering of sludge, It can cause microbial extracellular polymer (EPSs) to be bridged and agglomerated into larger particles. Therefore, the hydrophobic self-agglomeration and growth time of sludge is greatly shortened. The proposed granular physical model can describe the formation process of aerobic granular sludge under external pressure very vividly, and treat the waste of chemical fertilizer industry with high ammonia nitrogen. The experimental results of water showed that after 45 days of acclimation, The granular sludge gradually adapted to the actual wastewater, and the removal rates of CODN NH4-N and TN reached 93.5% and 66.5%, respectively, and the accumulation rate of nitrite was always between 71% and 84%, while the physical properties of the particles were basically maintained stable. The results show that the aerobic granular sludge has high toxicity, load resistance, shock resistance and decontamination. In this paper, the external pressure method can be used to start the aerobic granular sludge system quickly and simply. It can obtain higher treatment effect of chemical fertilizer industry wastewater and provide scientific basis and technical support for the application of aerobic granular sludge in practical industrial wastewater treatment.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X786

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