生物炭对土壤镉活性及水稻、油菜累积镉的影响

发布时间：2018-02-28 00:49

本文关键词： 生物炭 Cd 土壤水稻油菜叶面硅肥　出处：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了明确生物炭材料在治理Cd污染土壤上的应用价值,本文主要以生物炭材料为土壤改良剂,选取2种类型的Cd污染土壤(单一Cd污染土壤和以Cd污染为主的重金属复合污染土壤),分别通过土壤的室内培养试验、水稻和油菜的室外盆栽试验,探讨生物炭的施用对土壤Cd活性以及水稻、油菜吸收累积Cd的影响。主要试验结果如下：(1)通过对单一Cd污染土壤和重Cd污染土壤开展的土壤室内培养试验,在淹水条件下施用不同量的竹炭,并分别在培养了5d, 10d,20d,40d后采集适量样品,探究土壤中Cd的形态变化情况。试验结果表明,生物炭的施用能提高土壤pH值、降低土壤可交换态Cd的含量,且土壤可交换态Cd含量与土壤pH值之间存在极显著负相关关系；在2种土壤中,通过40d的培养,随着培养时间的延长和生物炭施用量的增多,土壤中可交换态Cd含量越低,镉活性指数越低,且添加4%的竹炭效果最佳；淹水条件对降低单一Cd污染土壤中可交换态Cd含量和镉活性指数有很好的作用。(2)通过选用单一Cd污染土壤开展水稻的室外盆栽试验,研究施用一次生物炭对两季水稻(早稻和晚稻)吸收累积Cd的影响研究。试验结果表明,施用4%的竹炭对降低成熟期水稻各部位的Cd含量效果最明显。2个早稻品种(湘早籼32号,株两优819)和2个晚稻品种(湘晚籼13号,玉针香)在吸收累积Cd的规律上基本表现一致,这说明施用一次生物炭能有效抑制两季水稻对Cd的吸收累积。(3)通过选用重Cd污染土壤开展油菜的室外盆栽试验,研究不同种类生物炭的施用对油菜根部土壤中Cd的形态变化和成熟期油菜吸收累积Cd的影响研究。试验结果表明,施用1%的柠条炭对降低湘油27号成熟期各部位Cd含量和降低土壤中重金属Cd的有效性的作用最显著。(4)通过选用重Cd污染土壤开展水稻的室外盆栽试验,探究生物炭和叶面硅肥的共同作用对水稻吸收累积Cd的影响。试验结果表明,0.5%的竹炭和叶面硅肥的共同作用,抑制株两优819和玉针香2个水稻品种对Cd吸收累积的效果最好。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the application value of biochar material in the treatment of CD contaminated soil, this paper mainly uses biochar material as soil modifier. Two types of CD contaminated soils (single CD contaminated soil and heavy metal compound contaminated soil with CD pollution) were selected. The effects of biochar application on soil CD activity and CD uptake and accumulation by rice and rape were studied. The main results were as follows: 1) the indoor culture experiment of single CD contaminated soil and heavy CD contaminated soil was carried out. Different amount of bamboo charcoal was applied under flooded condition, and after cultivation for 5 days, 10 days and 20 days for 40 days, appropriate samples were collected to investigate the changes of CD forms in soil. The results showed that the application of biochar could improve the pH value of soil. The content of exchangeable CD in soil decreased, and there was a significant negative correlation between the content of exchangeable CD in soil and pH value of soil. The lower the content of exchangeable CD in soil, the lower the activity index of cadmium, and the effect of adding 4% to bamboo charcoal was the best. Flooding condition has a good effect on reducing exchangeable CD content and cadmium activity index in single CD contaminated soil. The effects of primary biochar application on CD accumulation in two-cropping rice (early rice and late rice) were studied. The application of 4% bamboo charcoal had the most obvious effect on reducing CD content in all parts of mature rice. Two early rice varieties (Xiangzao indica 32, Zhuliangyou 819) and two late rice varieties (Xiangduan13) were observed. The results showed that the application of single biochar could effectively inhibit the CD uptake and accumulation in two cropping rice.) the experiment of rape pot culture was carried out by heavy CD pollution soil, which indicated that the application of biochar could effectively inhibit the accumulation of CD in rice. The effects of different biochar application on the morphological changes of CD in rape root soil and the absorption and accumulation of CD in rapeseed at maturity were studied. Application of 1% Caragana Caragana had the most significant effect on reducing CD content in all parts of Xiangyou 27 at maturity stage and the availability of heavy metal CD in soil. The effects of biochar and foliar silicon fertilizer on CD uptake and accumulation in rice were investigated. The results showed that 0.5% bamboo charcoal and leaf silicon fertilizer had the best effect on CD uptake and accumulation in two rice varieties, Shuliangyou 819 and Yujioxiang.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;X56

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