垃圾填埋场植被恢复过程中群落动态变化研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 17:13

本文关键词： 植物群落演替景观恢复　出处：《河南农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国现代化和城镇化建设的推进,城市的规模不断扩大,繁华的城市给民众带来便利的同时也产生了大量的废弃物,其中以生活垃圾和建筑垃圾为主。本文以垃圾填埋场恢复绿地为研究对象,分析国内外有关垃圾场景观改造的成功案例,从工程技术措施、植物配置、景观效果方面总结出了科学有用的价值。本文对河南北部地区的3个处于不同植被演替阶段的垃圾场进行夏季和秋季的群落特征实地调查,在群落的数量特征方面调查了植物名称、多度、高度、胸径、盖度、冠幅、生活力和死亡状况。分析了安阳七里店垃圾填埋场、濮阳濮水公园建筑垃圾山两者景观植物群落生长状况不同的原因,得出了垃圾填埋场恢复绿地群落演替规律,筛选出适合豫北地区垃圾填埋场恢复绿地的先锋树种和耐性树种。在工程技术方面,首先对两者的堆体整形、覆土厚度进行研究,采用阶梯状台地是两者的共同做法。垃圾山表面先铺设30cm厚的粘土防渗层,用于阻隔雨水下渗和填埋气体外漏,在其上铺设80—120cm厚的种植层。在调查过程中发现安阳七里店垃圾填埋场山体西侧坡度较大,植被死亡率高,土地裸漏严重,需要在植物材料、水土保持方面有所调整;濮阳市濮水公园建筑垃圾山东部山体西坡面、西部山体东南坡面均有不同程度的塌陷和雨水冲刷的沟壑,影响景观效果,构成安全隐患,需要加强修复。在景观效果方面从山体造型、水体景观、植物群落景观等方面对调查对象进行了研究,濮水公园景观恢复效果显著,形成了一个山水环抱、绿树成荫、层林叠翠的山水园林景观。但是豫北地区垃圾填埋场恢复绿地景观改造方面还存在诸多问题,如:缺少前期长远的科学规划、缺乏后期有效的监督管理等,需要改进和提升。在上述调查现状和国内外成功案例的研究基础上,笔者总结了适合我国垃圾填埋场生态景观恢复的策略,并且用于安阳七里店垃圾填埋场的景观改造设计的实践中,做到了理论联系实际。
[Abstract]:With the development of modernization and urbanization in our country, the scale of the city is expanding constantly. While the prosperous city brings convenience to the people, it also produces a large amount of waste at the same time. In this paper, the restoration of green land in landfills is the research object, and the successful cases of landscape reconstruction of garbage sites at home and abroad are analyzed, including engineering and technical measures, plant configuration, and so on. In this paper, the community characteristics of three garbage sites in different vegetation succession stages in northern Henan were investigated in summer and autumn. The plant name, abundance, height, DBH, coverage, crown width, viability and death status of the community were investigated in terms of the quantitative characteristics of the community. The reasons for the difference of plant community growth status between the two landscape plants in Puyang Pushui Park were obtained, and the succession law of green land community in the landfill site was obtained. The vanguard tree species and tolerant tree species suitable for the restoration of green land at landfills in the north of Henan Province were screened out. In engineering technology, first of all, the heaps and the thickness of the overlying soil were studied. It is the common practice of the two methods to adopt the stepped platform. First, 30cm thick clay impervious layer is laid on the surface of the garbage hill, which is used to block Rain Water's infiltration and landfill gas leakage. Planting layer of 80-120cm thick was laid on it. In the course of investigation, it was found that the slope of the west side of Qilidian garbage landfill in Anyang was large, the death rate of vegetation was high, the bare leakage of land was serious, and some adjustments should be made in plant materials and soil and water conservation. In Puyang Pushui Park, the west slope of the Shandong part of the construction garbage and the southeast slope of the western mountain body have different degrees of collapse and gully scoured by Rain Water, which affects the landscape effect and constitutes a hidden danger of safety. In the aspect of landscape effect, the investigation objects were studied from the aspects of mountain modeling, water landscape, plant community landscape and so on. The landscape restoration effect of Pushui Park was remarkable, forming a landscape surrounded by mountains and rivers, with trees in shade. There are still many problems in the restoration of green landscape in landfills in northern Henan Province, such as the lack of long-term scientific planning in the early stage, the lack of effective supervision and management in the later period, etc. On the basis of the above investigation status and successful cases at home and abroad, the author summarizes the strategies suitable for the ecological landscape restoration of landfills in China. And in the practice of landscape reconstruction design of Qilidian landfill in Anyang, the theory is combined with practice.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X705

【相似文献】