好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养及其处理高含盐废水的试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 10:06

本文选题：好氧颗粒污泥　切入点：SBR反应器　出处：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：好氧颗粒污泥技术是近年来新兴的一种生物处理技术,相比传统的絮状活性污泥,好氧颗粒污泥具有生物活性高、微观结构密实、沉降性能好、颗粒强度高等优点,能够保持反应器中较高的污泥浓度和生物量,从而能承受高浓度有机废水和有毒物质的冲击,目前是污水生物处理领域的研究热点。然而好氧颗粒污泥系统较长的启动周期是其实践应用的一大障碍。另外,常规活性污泥系统在处理高含盐废水时,常常由于生物量流失严重而致使系统不易稳定,好氧颗粒污泥系统有可能是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。鉴于此,本论文在对好氧颗粒污泥快速启动方法及其净化性能研究的基础上,探索该系统处理高含盐废水的可行性。试验采用SBR反应器进行好氧颗粒污泥的培养。研究表明,在仅接种普通絮体活性污泥(R1)、添加细土(R2)、投加少量厌氧颗粒(R3)为凝结核的3种培养方式下,成功启动好氧颗粒污泥系统的时间分别为30天、21天、15天,采用添加细土和厌氧颗粒的方法缩短了好氧颗粒污泥的形成时间。3组反应器培养出的好氧颗粒污泥平均粒径分别为0.3mm、0.5mm、0.8mm;沉降速度分别为0.32cm/s、0.65cm/s、1.02cm/s;含水率分别为97.6%、96.2%、95.3%;比耗氧速率分别为41.13 mg/(g·h)、45.89 mg/(g·h)、64.12 mg/(g·h)。试验形成的颗粒沉降性能良好,SVI值在35~45m L/g之间。扫描电镜观察发现颗粒内部存在较多孔洞,作为营养物质和氧气的传输通道,同时可观察到大量球菌和杆菌存在,也有少量丝状菌。3组反应器对于COD、NH4+-N和TP均有较好的处理效果。论文基于米-门方程,研究了培养出的3种好氧颗粒污泥的动力学差异。研究结果表明,R1、R2、R3中培养成熟的好氧颗粒污泥的降解动力学方程分别为:利用R3反应器中培养成熟的好氧颗粒污泥,考察盐度变化对颗粒污泥理化性质及微生物净化性能的影响。结果表明:在含盐量低于1%条件下,颗粒内部容易形成中空,但整体结构较为密实,经过适应后仍能保持较高的微生物活性,对COD和NH4+-N的去除效率为90%和91%,高于普通絮体污泥相同含盐量的80%和82%;含盐量为2.5%时,颗粒结构松散,部分颗粒破碎解体,系统出水SS升高,有机物去除效率开始下降;含盐量提高到5%后,好氧颗粒又变得密实,颗粒粒径增大并稳定,但微生物活性受到明显影响,好氧颗粒的污泥活性下降60%,普通絮体污泥下降70~80%,COD去除效果分别为70%和26%,NH4+-N去除率分别为85%和40%,在此条件下,普通活性污泥严重受到抑制,而好氧颗粒污泥系统仍具有较好的有机物去除效果。
[Abstract]:Aerobic granular sludge is a new biological treatment technology in recent years. Compared with the traditional flocculating activated sludge, aerobic granular sludge has the advantages of high biological activity, dense microstructure, good settling performance and high particle strength. To maintain high sludge concentrations and biomass in the reactor, and thus withstand the impact of high concentrations of organic wastewater and toxic substances, At present, it is a research hotspot in the field of wastewater biological treatment. However, the long start-up period of aerobic granular sludge system is a major obstacle in its practical application. In addition, conventional activated sludge system is used to treat high-salt wastewater. Aerobic granular sludge systems may be one of the effective ways to solve this problem, given that the system is not always stable because of the loss of biomass. On the basis of the research on the rapid start-up method of aerobic granular sludge and its purification performance, the feasibility of treating high salt wastewater with this system was explored in this paper. SBR reactor was used to culture aerobic granular sludge. Under the conditions of inoculating only ordinary flocs activated sludge (R1), adding fine soil (R2N) and adding a small amount of anaerobic granules (R3) as condensation nuclei, the successful start-up time of aerobic granular sludge system was 30 days, 21 days and 15 days, respectively. By adding fine soil and anaerobic particles, the formation time of aerobic granular sludge was shortened. 3 groups of reactors, the average diameter of aerobic granular sludge was 0.3mm / 0.5mm / mm, the settling velocity was 0.32 cm / s 0.65 cm / s 1.02cm / s, the water content was 97.6295.3cm / s, respectively, and the specific oxygen consumption rate was 97.6 mm / s, 0.32 cm / s 0.65 cm / s 1.02cm / s, respectively. The results show that the sedimentation property of the particles is in the range of 35 ~ 45ml / g. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that there are many pores in the particles. As a transport channel for nutrients and oxygen, a large number of cocci and bacilli were observed, and a small amount of filamentous bacteria group .3 reactor was used to treat CODN NH4-N and TP. The kinetics difference of aerobic granular sludge was studied. The results showed that the degradation kinetics equations of mature aerobic granular sludge in R1 / R2 / R3 reactor were as follows: mature aerobic granular sludge was cultured in R3 reactor. The effects of salinity on the physicochemical properties of granular sludge and the purification performance of microorganism were investigated. The results showed that when the salt content was less than 1%, the inner part of granular was easy to form hollow, but the whole structure was relatively dense. The removal efficiency of COD and NH4 N was 90% and 91, which was higher than that of ordinary flocs with the same salt content of 80% and 82.When the salt content was 2.5, the particle structure was loose and some particles were broken apart. With the increase of SS, the removal efficiency of organic matter began to decrease, and when the salt content reached 5%, the aerobic particles became dense, the particle size increased and stabilized, but the microbial activity was obviously affected. The sludge activity of aerobic granules decreased by 60%, and that of ordinary flocs decreased by 70% and 80% respectively. The removal efficiency of NH4-N was 85% and 40, respectively. Under these conditions, the common activated sludge was seriously inhibited. However, aerobic granular sludge system still has better removal effect of organic matter.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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