MBR法处理模拟船舶生活污水的研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 07:03

本文选题：船舶生活污水　切入点：污泥培养　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着船舶在运输业中占的比例越来越重和社会对环保意识的增强,船舶生活污水对周围水环境的污染问题逐渐受到人们的重视。国际海事组织也对船舶生活污水的排放标准作出了更严格的要求,同时各国也均已颁布了保护本国水域和领海的关于船舶生活污水排放的相关法律,甚至在特殊海域禁止任何船舶污水的排放,这使得船舶生活污水的处理技术和处理效果面临着更严峻的挑战。我国船舶生活污水的处理技术相对落后。目前,船舶上现有的生活污水处理装置绝大部分采用ST(活性污泥法)或WCB(接触氧化法)系列,这种污水处理设备的出水只能满足低排放指标的要求,而且这种污水处理系统稳定运行的可靠性较低,设备故障率高。另外,由于船舶所处的工作环境特点(船舶的摇摆、震动幅度很大),使得生活污水处理装置处理效果更差,根本无法满足相关海域对船舶生活污水的排放要求。因此,根据船舶生活污水的组分特点和国内外在船舶生活污水处理上的经验以及船舶自身工作环境的特点,本研究课题所采用的处理方法是利用新型的MBR法(膜生物)处理模拟船舶生活污水。由于船舶生活污水的水质和城市生活污水水质不同(盐度),要对从城市污水处理厂取回的活性污泥进行一定的培养和驯化,才可以投入到本研究课题的实验中。在污水处理厂的活性污泥进行培养成功后,通过逐步增大盐度梯度的方法来提高活性污泥的耐盐性。在活性污泥驯化到可以适应0.8%盐度的环境后对模拟的船舶生活污水进行处理研究,在研究过程中也对膜污染问题进行了处理。通过本研究可以发现,利用MBR法对模拟船舶生活污水进行处理后,污水中的COD值有明显下降,其COD值从472.3mg/L下降到79.8mg/L,COD去除率达到81.20%,继续延长作用时间,COD值可降低到53.5mg/L,去除率可达88.6%,NH4-N的值从42.4 mg/L下降到18.3 mg/L,去除率55.8%。在处理食堂废水模拟船舶生活污水时,处理45小时后COD值可以由328.6mg/L下降到64.3mg/L,COD的去除率达到80.4%。用利用MBR法处理船舶生活污水时,可以选择适当对污水的处理时间(本研究为75小时或82小时),时间过长,去除效果提升并不明显。
[Abstract]:With the increasing proportion of ships in the transportation industry and the increasing awareness of environmental protection in the society, People pay more and more attention to the pollution of ship's domestic sewage to the surrounding water environment. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has also made more stringent requirements on the discharge standard of the ship's domestic sewage. At the same time, all countries have also promulgated relevant laws on the discharge of domestic sewage from ships to protect their waters and territorial seas, and even prohibit the discharge of sewage from any ships in special sea areas. This makes the treatment technology and treatment effect of domestic sewage of ships face more severe challenge. The treatment technology of domestic sewage of ships in China is relatively backward. At present, Most of the existing domestic sewage treatment plants on board ships are ST-series (activated sludge process) or WCB-series. The effluent of this sewage treatment plant can only meet the requirements of low discharge targets. Moreover, the reliability of this sewage treatment system is low and the equipment failure rate is high. In addition, because of the characteristics of the working environment in which the ship is located (the ship is swaying and the amplitude of vibration is very large, the treatment effect of the domestic sewage treatment unit is even worse. Therefore, according to the composition characteristics of domestic sewage, domestic sewage treatment experience at home and abroad and the characteristics of the ship's own working environment, The treatment method used in this research is to use a new MBR method (membrane biology) to treat the domestic sewage of ships. Because the water quality of the domestic sewage of ships is different from that of the municipal domestic sewage (salinity), it is necessary to treat the sewage from the city. The activated sludge recovered from the treatment plant was cultivated and domesticated to a certain extent. After the activated sludge of sewage treatment plant was successfully cultured, The salt tolerance of activated sludge was improved by increasing the salinity gradient step by step. After the activated sludge was acclimated to the environment of 0.8% salinity, the simulated domestic sewage from ships was treated. In the course of the study, the membrane fouling problem was also dealt with. Through this study, it was found that the COD value of the sewage decreased obviously after the treatment of the simulated ship domestic sewage by using the MBR method. The COD value decreased from 472.3 mg / L to 79.8 mg / L to 81.20, and the COD value of extended operation time decreased to 53.5 mg / L, the removal rate of NH4-N decreased from 42.4 mg/L to 18.3 mg / L, and the removal rate was 55.8%. After 45 hours of treatment, the COD value can be reduced from 328.6 mg / L to 64.3 mg / L, and the removal rate of COD can reach 80.4. When using MBR method to treat domestic sewage from ships, we can choose the proper treatment time of sewage (75 hours or 82 hours in this study, the time is too long. The removal effect is not obvious.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X736.3

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