广东沿海食用鱼中持久性有机污染物的生物累积与健康风险评价

发布时间：2018-03-04 08:00

  本文选题：鱼　切入点：多环芳烃　出处：《贵州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：有机氯农药(OCPs)和多环芳烃(PAHs)是全球公认的持久性有机污染物(POPs),具有高毒性、生物富集性、持久性、远距离迁移性等特点。由于OCPs和PAHs具有很强的亲脂性,容易富集在生物体内,在食物链模式下容易逐级放大。在食物链中,鱼类的营养级较高,导致鱼体内污染物浓度较高。在全球范围,己有不少研究报道了鱼体内富集有高浓度的污染物,其中包含PAHs和OCPs等,这些污染物通过饮食摄入对人体健康带来较大的潜在威胁。广东省是我国第二大水产省份,但对于该区域鱼体中OCPs与PAHs的生物富集和暴露水平鲜见报道。本文于2013年8-10月份采集了广东沿海7个城市(湛江、茂名、阳江、广州、珠海、汕头和汕尾)六种典型食用鱼类(包括4种淡水鱼类、2种海水鱼类),研究分析了210份样品中OCPs和PAHs的含量水平,初步探讨了六种典型食用鱼体内OCPs和PAHs的残留情况和污染特征。结果表明:(1)所有鱼中均检测到了OCPs和PAHs的残留,总的平均浓度范围分别为159-653ng/g lw和1.76×102-90.3×102 ng/g lw,OCPs和PAHs的最高浓度是在草鱼和加州鲈鱼中,最低浓度均发现在带鱼中。DDTs和HCHs的平均浓度范围分别为75.0-371 ng/g lw和15.0-92.7 ng/g lw。与世界其它地方鱼类相比较而言处在中等污染水平。在OCPs中,DDTs和HCHs分别占∑OCPs的45.5%和13.0%,p,p’-DDE是DDTs最主要的化合物,占总DDTs的42.4%;HCHs最主要的异构体是α-HCH,占∑HCHs的49.7%。(2)在16种PAHs中,菲是主要的同系物,平均占∑PAHs总量的19.0%,∑PAHs主要由三环和四环PAHs,如菲、芴和蒽等组成,合计占∑PAHs的74.9%。(3)通过对广东沿海鱼体中OCPs和PAHs的来源解析,广东沿海鱼体中的OCPs主要是由历史残留造成,PAHs的主要来源可能归因于石油的不完全燃烧以及煤的燃烧。(4)根据广东沿海鱼体内DDTs、HCHs和PAHs浓度数据,依据有关国家及国际组织的摄入标准,对POPs摄入对人体造成的健康风险进行了评估。结果表明食用广东沿海鱼类时OCPs和PAHs的摄入并不会带来明显致癌性健康风险和非致癌风险。
[Abstract]:Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as persistent organic pollutants such as high toxicity, bioconcentration, persistence, long distance migration and so on. Because of their strong lipophilic properties, OCPs and PAHs are easily enriched in organisms. It is easy to zoom in step by step in the food chain. In the food chain, fish have higher nutrient levels, resulting in higher concentrations of pollutants in fish. Worldwide, many studies have reported the enrichment of high concentrations of pollutants in fish. These include PAHs and OCPs, which pose a greater potential threat to human health through dietary intake. Guangdong Province is the second largest aquatic province in China. However, the bioconcentration and exposure of OCPs and PAHs in fish bodies in this area were rarely reported. In 2013, seven coastal cities (Zhanjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang, Guangzhou, Zhuhai) were collected in this paper. Six typical edible fishes (including 4 freshwater fishes and 2 marine fishes) from Shantou and Shanwei were studied and the contents of OCPs and PAHs in 210 samples were studied and analyzed. The residues and pollution characteristics of OCPs and PAHs in six typical edible fish were preliminarily studied. The results showed that OCPs and PAHs residues were detected in all fish. The total mean concentrations were 159-653ng / g BW and 1.76 脳 102-90.3 脳 102 ng/g lwcps and the highest concentrations of PAHs were found in grass carp and California perch, respectively. The lowest concentrations of. DDTs and HCHs were found to be in the range of 75.0-371 ng/g LW and 15.0-92.7 ng/g LW, respectively. Compared with the rest of the world, the average concentrations of. DDTs and HCHs in OCPs were 45.5% and 13.0% of 鈭，

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