竹柳生长培育及对重金属污染土壤生态修复的相关技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 15:05

本文选题：竹柳　切入点：重金属污染　出处：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：工业废水排放、农药灌溉、固体废弃物污染了环境,其中重金属的污染更为严重。重金属在植物根、茎、叶及籽粒中的大量积累,不仅影响植物的生长和发育,而且会进入食物链,危害人类的健康。植物修复技术为一种绿色环保技术,在不破坏环境的基础下能够清除重金属。本文主要研究了竹柳对同一浓度下Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd的吸收,并通过研究浓度以及时间对竹柳吸收Pb、Cu、Zn的影响,探讨竹柳对不同重金属的耐性以及其耐受值。通过研究植物生长调节剂单独作用对竹柳富集Pb、Cu、Zn的影响,探讨Pb、Cu、Zn在竹柳植株体内的分布。实验通过向培养液中加入重金属的硝酸盐形式,配制成不同浓度梯度。在Pb处理、Cu处理、Zn处理试验中均加入10ppm的生长调节剂。加入的生长调节剂分别为2,4-D、DA-6、6-BA、GA3、 NAA和IBA。主要研究结果如下：(1)竹柳对重金属Pb、Cu、Zn有耐性。对于Cd没有耐性。其中Pb、Cu、 Zn的耐受值分别为1000mg/L、50 mg/L和500 mg/L。随着培育时间的增加,竹柳对重金属Pb、Cu、Zn的吸收量呈升高的趋势,但吸收速率则逐渐降低。综合Pb、Cu、Zn的吸收率情况表明,竹柳对重金属的吸收率随着处理时间的增长而增加,且在竹柳对重金属的耐受范围内,处理浓度越大吸收率越小,完全吸收重金属需要的时间越长。(2)在耐受范围内,随着浓度的增加,培育期为六个月的竹柳吸收重金属的量会趋于一个稳定值。其中Pb的吸收量稳定在450mg左右,Cu的吸收量在130mmg左右,而Zn稳定在65-85mg。其中Pb、Cu处理的竹柳中含有的重金属量随着处理时间的增长而升高,而Zn处理样中的Zn含量随着处理时间变化很小。(3)加入10ppm生长调节剂对于竹柳吸收重金属有明显的促进作用。其中,IBA作用于竹柳吸收Pb的效果最为明显,其吸收Pb的量达到了对照组的2.03倍。DA-6作用于竹柳吸收Cu的效果最为明显,其吸收Cu的量达到了对照组的3.68倍。6-BA作用于竹柳吸收Zn的效果最为明显,其吸收Zn的量达到了对照组的1.63倍。(4) Pb、Cu、Zn在竹柳根部的含量明显高于其在竹柳枝干以及叶中的含量,且其分布比例为根部枝干叶,竹柳根部的Pb、Cu、Zn含量占竹柳中Pb、 Cu、Zn总含量的分布呈递减的趋势：根据考察吸收时间对Pb、Cu、Zn分布的影响,表明如果时间足够长,重金属Zn趋向于不积累在竹柳的根部,而是能够运输到竹柳的枝干中以及叶子中。
[Abstract]:Industrial wastewater discharge, pesticide irrigation and solid wastes pollute the environment, and the pollution of heavy metals is more serious. The accumulation of heavy metals in plant roots, stems, leaves and grains not only affects the growth and development of plants. The phytoremediation technology is a green environmental protection technology, which can remove heavy metals without damaging the environment. The effects of concentration and time on the uptake of Pb ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Zn by bamboo willows were studied to study the tolerance of bamboo willows to different heavy metals and their tolerance values. The effects of plant growth regulators alone on the accumulation of Pb ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Zn in bamboo willows were studied. To study the distribution of Pb ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Zn in bamboo-willow plants, the nitrate forms of heavy metals were added to the culture medium. Different concentration gradients were prepared. 10 ppm growth regulators were added to Pb treatment with Cu and Zn treatments. The growth regulators added were 24-Denda-6-BAGA3, NAA and IBA.The main results were as follows: (1) Bamboo willows have tolerance to heavy metal PBX CuZn. There was no tolerance to CD. The tolerance values of Pb, Cu and Zn were 100 mg / L ~ (50 mg/L) and 500 mg / L 路L ~ (-1), respectively. The absorption rate of heavy metal Pb ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Zn increased, but the absorption rate decreased gradually. The results showed that the absorption rate of heavy metal increased with the increase of treatment time. In the tolerance range of heavy metals, the higher the concentration of treatment, the smaller the absorptivity, the longer the time required to completely absorb heavy metals, and the longer the tolerance range is, with the increase of concentration. The amount of heavy metals absorbed by bamboo willow for six months tended to be stable, and the uptake of Pb was about 450 mg / kg and that of Cu was about 130 mg. Zn was stable at 65-85 mg. The content of heavy metals in bamboo willow treated with PbCU increased with the increase of treatment time. However, Zn content in Zn treatment sample changed little with the treatment time. 3) addition of 10ppm growth regulator could obviously promote the absorption of heavy metals in bamboo willows, and IBA had the most obvious effect on absorbing Pb from bamboo willows. The amount of Pb absorbed was 2.03 times of that of the control group. DA-6 had the most obvious effect on the absorption of Cu by bamboo willows, and the amount of Cu absorbed by DA-6 was 3.68 times of that of the control group. 6-BA had the most obvious effect on the absorption of Zn from bamboo willows. The amount of Zn absorbed was 1.63 times of that of the control group.) the content of PbCU Zn in the root of the bamboo willow was higher than that in the branches and leaves of the bamboo willow, and its distribution ratio was the stem and leaf of the root branch. The distribution of the total content of PbCU Zn in bamboo willow decreased gradually. According to the effect of absorption time on the distribution of PbCU Zn, the heavy metal Zn tended not to accumulate in the root of Bamboo willow, if the time was long enough, the content of Zn in the root of Bamboo willow tended to decrease. It can be transported to the branches and leaves of the willow.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S792.12;X53

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