某市东部地区地下水系统氯代烃污染源解析研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 17:18

本文选题：地下水系统　切入点：氯代烃　出处：《济南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：氯代烃是自然界中广泛存在且种类繁多的一类有机物,在工业、农业的多个领域,氯代烃都有着非常广泛的应用。但在实际应用中,氯代烃对环境造成了难以逆转的污染,比如氯代烃溶剂在使用过程中的自然挥发、盛放氯代烃有机物容器的泄露、工厂含氯代烃废水的任意排放以及作物喷洒杀虫剂后氯代烃在土壤中的残留都在一定程度上直接或间接污染了大气、地下水、地表水和土壤。某市东部地区是该市主要工业聚集区,大量冶金、化工、化纤、石油、机械制造企业都集中分布在该区域,年排工业废水总量约3600万吨。在该区域各工厂排放的废水中含有的大量有机污染物,这些有机污染物在污染地表水体的同时也会在渗透作用下进一步污染地下水系统。研究区大部分的浅层地下水已经受到非常严重的有机污染,甚至部分深层地下水也受到了污染。据调查研究,在研究区地下水有机污染中,氯代烃污染尤为严重。通过总结国内外地下水氯代烃污染源解析相关研究,选取多元统计方法并结合基于GIS的地统计学方法为污染源解析方法,对研究区氯代烃污染源进行了定性定量分析,明确了研究区地下水氯代烃污染源的种类、分布以及贡献率,在一定程度上可以为研究区相关部门在此区域开展地下水污染的治理工作提供理论依据,并且对该区域采取地下水氯代烃污染预防措施具有一定的指导意义。本文主要通过因子分析(FA)和聚类分析(CA)的统计学方法对研究区地下水氯代烃的污染来源进行识别,明确研究区地下水氯代烃污染源的种类和数量,并在此基础上运用基于GIS的地统计学方法对污染源的空间分布进行分析,最后采用绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归方法(PCA-MLR)定量计算污染源对污染的具体贡献率。本文主要研究内容包括:(1)地下水氯代烃污染特征。在研究区不同区域采集地下水水样进行氯代烃浓度检测,运用相关软件对数据进行统计学处理,根据所得结果分析不同氯代烃的检出情况以及浓度范围分布。运用克里金插值法对空间数据进行插值并绘制出污染物的空间分布图,分析氯代烃污染物在研究区内的空间分布特征。(2)地下水氯代烃污染源识别。在明确氯代烃污染特征以及各采样点污染物浓度的基础上采用因子分析结合聚类分析运用SPSS软件对研究区氯代烃污染源进行定性识别,确定研究区地下水氯代烃污染源的数量和种类。首先运用因子分析提取公因子,根据方差解释率确定公因子数量,然后根据各污染物的因子载荷判断各公因子包含的氯代烃污染因子。通过分析每个公因子中所包含污染因子的特征以及污染因子之间的关系判断该公因子的来源。(3)地下水氯代烃污染源空间分布。计算公因子因子得分和综合因子得分,并运用基于GIS的地统计方法对污染源的空间分布进行分析。采用普通克里金法对已取得的公因子得分和综合因子得分进行插值,利用ArcGis9.3软件绘制不同污染源以及综合污染源的空间分布图,并结合不同类型污染企业在研究区内的具体分布,对污染源与各污染企业的关系进行分析。(4)地下水氯代烃污染源贡献率计算。采用绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归方法定量分析污染源对研究区地下水氯代烃污染的贡献率。贡献率越大说明此类污染源对研究区氯代烃污染影响越大。首先利用相关公式计算公因子的绝对因子得分,然后以公因子的绝对因子得分为自变量,以每个采样点各污染因子的标准浓度之和为因变量进行多元线性回归计算,得到每个污染源对研究区地下水总氯代烃污染的贡献率。以公因子的绝对因子得分为自变量,分别以每个采样点各污染因子的标准化浓度为因变量进行多元线性回归计算,求得每个污染源对研究区每类氯代烃污染物的贡献率。
[Abstract]:Chlorinated hydrocarbon is a kind of organic matter, and a wide variety of widely exists in nature in many fields of industry, agriculture, chlorinated hydrocarbons have a very wide range of applications. But in practical application, chlorinated hydrocarbons caused irreversible pollution to the environment, such as natural evaporation in the process of using chlorine generation of hydrocarbon solvent, a leaked chlorinated hydrocarbon organic matter containers, plant wastewater with chlorinated hydrocarbon emissions and crop spraying after chlorinated hydrocarbon residue in the soil to a certain extent, directly or indirectly pollute the air, groundwater, surface water and soil. A city in the eastern region of the city is a major industry gathering area a large number of chemical, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, and mechanical manufacturing enterprises are concentrated in the area of industrial wastewater discharging a total of about 36 million tons. A large number of organic pollutants containing wastewater in the area of the factory, the organic pollutants in Surface water pollution will also further pollution of groundwater system in theinfiltration. Most of the research area of shallow groundwater organic pollution has been very serious, and even part of the deep groundwater is contaminated. According to a survey on Groundwater Organic Pollution in the study area was in chlorinated hydrocarbons pollution is particularly serious. Through summarizing the domestic and foreign water related research of chlorinated hydrocarbons in source analysis, selection of multivariate statistical methods and combining geostatistical method based on GIS method for analysis of pollution sources in the study area of chlorinated hydrocarbons in source of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the types of groundwater in the study area of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution sources, distribution and contribution rate, to a certain extent it can provide a theoretical basis for the study area related departments in this area to carry out groundwater pollution control work, and to take the regional groundwater chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution prevention measures. Has certain guiding significance. This paper mainly through factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) to identify sources of pollution of groundwater in the study area of hydrocarbon generation by statistical methods, clear type and quantity of groundwater in the study area of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution sources, and on the basis of analysis using geostatistical method based on GIS the distribution of pollution sources in space, the absolute principal component scores of multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) method for quantitative calculation of specific pollution source of the contribution rate of pollution. The main contents of this paper include: (1) generation of hydrocarbon contamination characteristics of groundwater in the study area. Chlorine in different regions were collected groundwater samples of chlorinated hydrocarbon concentration detection. Use the relevant software for statistical processing of data, according to the results of the detection rate and the concentration distribution of different chlorinated hydrocarbons. The spatial data interpolation by Kriging interpolation method And draw the distribution map of the spatial distribution of pollutants, chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants in the study area. The spatial analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons (2) groundwater pollution source identification. In the clear chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination characteristic and basic pollutant concentration of all samples by using factor analysis and clustering analysis of qualitative identification by using SPSS software to study area of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution sources, determine the number and types of groundwater in the study area of chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination. Firstly, using factor analysis to extract the common factor, according to the variance explained to determine the rate of factor number, and then determine the chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination factor contains the common factors according to the load factor of each pollutant source. The common factor by judgment analysis of the relationship between the characteristics of pollutants contained in each factor and the pollution factor. (3) groundwater chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution source spatial distribution. The calculation of factor score and comprehensive factor for The sub score, and use the distribution of pollution sources of spatial statistical method of GIS based on the analysis using the ordinary Kriging interpolation of common factor score and total score has been made, drawing different pollution sources by using ArcGis9.3 software and spatial integrated pollution source distribution, combined with the specific distribution in the study area. Different types of polluting enterprises, analyzed the relation between pollution source and the polluting enterprises. (4) groundwater chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution contribution rate calculation. The absolute principal component scores of multiple linear regression method for quantitative analysis of pollution sources of groundwater in study area chlorine pollution contribution rate of hydrocarbon generation. The greater the contribution rate of such pollution source in the research area of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the greater impact. The absolute factor score first calculates the factor using the formula, and then to the absolute factor scores of the common factors as independent variables, with each sampling point The standard concentration of various pollution factor and inmultiple linear regression calculation, get the contribution of each pollution source of groundwater in the study area of total chlorine generation hydrocarbon contamination rate. The absolute factor score factors as independent variables, the standard concentration respectively in each sampling point of each factor pollution as the dependent variable in multiple linear regression calculation, to obtain each pollution source in the study area of each type of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution contribution rate.

【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X523

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