山西省城市生态风险评价

发布时间：2018-03-06 23:27

本文选题：城市化　切入点：生态风险评价　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态风险问题是人类实现社会可持续发展所共同关注的问题,其中城市生态风险是生态风险的重要组成部分。城市的发展和建设可能会导致城市生态环境要素、生态过程、生态格局和系统生态服务发生不利变化,从而给人居环境造成不良影响。构建城市生态风险评价体系从而进行科学合理评估,对城市经济社会的可持续发展提供理论依据。本文以山西省为研究对象,基于山西省2003-2012年城市生态环境数据,运用“PSR(压力-状态-响应)”理论框架模型,在借鉴和总结目前国内外学者对城市生态风险研究的基础上,从压力、状态和响应三方面构建山西省城市生态风险指标体系,采用熵值法确定权重,运用生态风险综合指数法对山西省城市生态风险进行定量评价,最终得出以下结论:(1)2003-2012年山西省城市生态风险综合指数总体呈现缓慢增长的趋势。2003-2012年山西省各地级市城市生态风险区域差异明显,以太原为中心的周边地区生态风险值较高。(2)山西省生态风险压力指数2003-2010年逐渐呈缓慢下降趋势,2010-2012年快速增长的趋势,各地级市中阳泉市、朔州市处于高风险,压力指数值呈现快速增长的趋势并且指数值一直偏高,而太原市、临汾市压力指数值增长缓慢并且指数值一直偏低;生态风险状态指数变化呈现先增长后下降的趋势,各地级市中太原市、临汾市总体均位居状态指数前3位,而朔州市和阳泉市状态指数值偏低;响应指数呈现快速上升的趋势,各地级市响应指数长治市外均呈现整体上升的趋势。(3)社会经济发展和环境污染是影响2003-2012年山西省城市生态风险的主要因素。未来发展中,山西省应当转变经济发展方式,优化产业结构和能源污染,提高居民的城市生态风险防范意识。
[Abstract]:Ecological risk is the common concern of human to realize the sustainable development of society, among which urban ecological risk is an important part of ecological risk. The development and construction of city may lead to the urban ecological environment elements, ecological process. The ecological pattern and the ecosystem ecosystem service have unfavorable changes, which will have a bad effect on the human settlement environment, so as to construct the urban ecological risk assessment system to carry on the scientific and reasonable assessment. This paper takes Shanxi Province as the research object, based on the urban ecological environment data of Shanxi Province from 2003 to 2012, and applies the theoretical framework model of "PSRs" (pressure-state-response). Based on the study of urban ecological risk by domestic and foreign scholars, the index system of urban ecological risk in Shanxi Province is constructed from three aspects of pressure, state and response, and the weight is determined by entropy method. The ecological risk comprehensive index method is used to quantitatively evaluate the urban ecological risk in Shanxi Province. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn: the comprehensive index of urban ecological risk in Shanxi Province showed a trend of slow growth in 2003-2012. The regional differences of urban ecological risk in each prefecture-level city of Shanxi Province in 2003-2012 were obvious. The ecological risk pressure index of Shanxi Province from 2003 to 2010 gradually showed a slow downward trend and a rapid growth trend in 2010-2012. In each prefectural city, the city of Yangquan and Shuozhou City were at high risk. The pressure index value shows the trend of rapid growth and the index value is always on the high side, while in Taiyuan City, Linfen City pressure index value increases slowly and the index value is on the low side; the change of ecological risk state index shows the trend of first increasing and then decreasing. In all prefectural cities, Taiyuan City and Linfen City all rank in the top 3 of the state index, while Shuozhou City and Yangquan City have low state index values, and the response index shows a rapid upward trend. The response index of each prefecture-level city in Changzhi city shows an overall upward trend.) Social and economic development and environmental pollution are the main factors that affect the urban ecological risk in Shanxi Province from 2003 to 2012. In the future development, Shanxi Province should change the mode of economic development. Optimize industrial structure and energy pollution, improve residents' awareness of urban ecological risk prevention.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826

【相似文献】