大连湾沉积物中石油烃的指纹特征

发布时间：2018-03-08 04:16

本文选题：大连新港　切入点：海洋沉积物　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文采集了大连新港“7.16”特大溢油事故海域的沉积物,利用快速溶剂萃取法、气相色谱和气质联用技术分析了海洋沉积物样品中正构烷烃和多环芳烃的残留情况和组成特征,并根据其特征指数初步分析了其来源,评估了PAHs的潜在生态风险。主要结论如下：(1)本文测得正构烷烃和类异戊二烯的平均回收率为60.07～118.99%,RSD值为1.58‖14.27%,方法检出限为13.75～45.33 ng·g-1；多环芳烃的平均回收率为78.39～117.46%,RSD值为4.13～12.80%,方法检出限为5.76～19.00 ng·g-1。(2)大连湾沉积物中正构烷烃总含量在1.72～5.59 μg·g-1之间,其中3号和5号站位点含量较高,可能与该区域海水交换能力差,人类活动频繁有关。Pr/Ph、C17/Pr和Cl8/Ph比值指示研究区域可能已受到不同程度的石油污染,且石油烃产生了一定的降解和风化。与其他地区相比,研究区域整体处于中等污染水平。(3)大连湾沉积物中多环芳烃总含量在1.16～2.63 μg·g-1之间,其中5号站位点的总含量最高,其次为3号站位点；各站位点的PAHs含量组成均以4环为主,5环次之,低分子量的PAHs含量占总含量的20%,指示源于石油类的污染；特征化合物指数显示研究海域沉积物中的PAHs主要来自燃烧源,以石油的燃烧为主,但也不排除局部有石油源输入的可能；该结果与正构烷烃的分析结果一致。与其他地区相比,研究区域整体处于中等污染水平。(4)风险评估结果表明研究区域各站位PAHs组分浓度均远低于效应区间中值(ERM),整体处于低风险水平,但多个站位的苊烯、芴、二苯并(a,h)蒽含量超过了效应区间低值(ERL),研究区域内存在一定的潜在生态风险,可能会对底栖生物造成危害。
[Abstract]:The sediment collected from the area of "7.16" oil spill accident in Xingang, Dalian was collected. The residue and composition characteristics of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediment samples were analyzed by rapid solvent extraction, gas chromatography and GC-MS. And according to its characteristic index, the origin of it is analyzed preliminarily. The potential ecological risk of PAHs was evaluated. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average recovery of n-alkanes and isoprene determined in this paper is 60.07 ~ 118.99m = 1.58 ~ 14.27, the detection limit is 13.75 ~ 45.33 ng 路g ~ (-1), the average recovery of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is 78.39 ~ 117.46 ~ (-1) and the RSD value of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is 4.13 ~ 12.80%. The detection limit of the method is 5.76 ~ 19.00 ng 路g ~ (-1) 路g ~ (-2)) the total content of n-alkanes in sediments of Dalian Bay is between 1.72 渭 g 路g ~ (-1) and 5.59 渭 g 路g ~ (-1). The contents of stations 3 and 5 are relatively high, which may be related to the poor sea water exchange capacity in the region. The frequent human activities indicate that the studied area may have been contaminated with different degrees of oil, as indicated by the ratio of Pr-P / Pr and Cl8/Ph. Compared with other regions, the total content of PAHs in the sediments of Dalian Bay is between 1.16 and 2.63 渭 g 路g ~ (-1), and the total content of PAHs at No. 5 station is the highest, compared with other regions, the total content of PAHs in the sediments of Dalian Bay is between 1.16 渭 g 路g ~ (-1) and 2.63 渭 g 路g ~ (-1). The PAHs content of each site was mainly composed of 4 rings and 5 rings, and the low molecular weight PAHs content accounted for 20% of the total content, indicating that it was caused by oil pollution. The characteristic compound index shows that the PAHs in the sediment of the studied sea area mainly comes from the combustion source, mainly from the combustion of petroleum, but also does not exclude the possibility of local oil source input. This result is consistent with the results of the analysis of n-alkanes. The results of risk assessment showed that the concentrations of PAHs components in all stations in the study area were far lower than those in the median effect range (ERMN), and the concentrations of acenaphthene and fluorene in multiple stations were at a low risk level. The anthracene content exceeded the low value of the effect range, and there were some potential ecological risks in the study area, which may cause harm to benthos.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55

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