蓄电池铅膏预脱硫母液净化及副产品回收新技术实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 08:18

本文选题：铅膏　切入点：硫酸钠　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：铅酸蓄电池广泛应用在汽车、电动车、摩托车、移动通讯基站、国防装备等领域,我国每年报废的铅蓄电池有3亿多只,含铅300多万吨,清洁再生废铅酸蓄电池是经济社会的客观需求,电池破碎分选得到的铅膏预脱硫是清洁再生蓄电池的关键环节,国家产业政策要求对预脱硫的副产物进行回收,本文针对铅膏预脱硫产生的硫酸钠溶液净化和结晶的新方法开展实验研究。首先,本文针对铅膏预脱硫副产物中硫酸钠回收问题,提出了用乙醇溶析结晶法回收模拟溶液中的硫酸钠。论文组建了硫酸钠结晶和乙醇回收循环的实验系统,探讨了乙醇加入量,模拟液硫酸钠的浓度以及结晶时间这三个因素对乙醇溶析结晶回收硫酸钠的影响。实验结果表明,乙醇加入的量越大,硫酸钠晶体析出的越快且析出率越高;模拟液硫酸钠浓度越高,溶液越接近饱和溶液,在乙醇作用下,很容易析出大量的晶体;而结晶时间对硫酸钠晶体析出影响不明显;这三个因素对此实验的影响程度大小为:硫酸钠溶液浓度乙醇加入量结晶时间。本实验是在室温条件下进行的,所得的结晶产物为十水硫酸钠。其次,本文针对铅蓄电池铅膏预脱硫副产物硫酸钠溶液的重金属净化问题,分别采用了三种手段来处理Pb2+、Cu2+以及Cd2+重金属模拟液;第一种是采用活性炭静态吸附的方法,研究了活性炭加入量,模拟液重金属的初始浓度,吸附时间,温度以及pH值5个因素分别对三种重金属去除的影响。在最优条件下,Pb2+去除率为91.23%,Cu2+去除率为93.25%,Cd2+去除率为62.13%;第二种是建立活性炭固定床,考查了床层高度,进料速率以及重金属模拟液的初始浓度三个因素对重金属透过曲线的影响。第三种采用活性炭固定床+树脂组合工艺吸收重金属离子,选取的因素与方法二所研究的因素相同。三种方法的净化能力由强到弱依次为活性炭固定床+树脂、活性炭固定床、活性炭静态吸附。
[Abstract]:Lead-acid batteries are widely used in automobile, electric vehicle, motorcycle, mobile communication base station, national defense equipment, etc. In China, there are more than 300 million lead-acid batteries scrapped each year, containing more than 3 million tons of lead. Clean and regenerated waste lead-acid battery is the objective demand of economy and society. The lead paste pre-desulphurization is the key link of clean regenerative battery, and the by-products of pre-desulphurization are required to be recovered by national industrial policy. In this paper, a new method of purifying and crystallizing sodium sulfate solution produced by lead paste predesulfurization is studied. Firstly, the recovery of sodium sulfate from the by-product of lead paste pre-desulfurization is studied in this paper. The recovery of sodium sulfate from simulated solution by ethanol dissolution crystallization method was proposed. The experimental system of sodium sulfate crystallization and ethanol recovery cycle was set up, and the amount of ethanol added was discussed. The effects of the concentration of sodium sulfate in simulated solution and the crystallization time on the recovery of sodium sulfate from ethanol solution were studied. The experimental results showed that the higher the amount of ethanol was, the faster the crystal precipitation was and the higher the precipitation rate was. The higher the concentration of sodium sulfate in the simulated solution, the closer the solution is to the saturated solution, and under the action of ethanol, a large number of crystals can easily be precipitated, but the crystallization time has no obvious effect on the precipitation of sodium sulfate crystal. The effect of these three factors on this experiment is as follows: the concentration of sodium sulfate solution and the amount of alcohol added crystallization time. This experiment was carried out at room temperature, the crystal product was sodium sulfate decahydrate. In this paper, aiming at the purification of heavy metals in sodium sulfate solution, a by-product of lead-acid pre-desulphurization, three methods were used to treat Pb2 Cu2 and Cd2 heavy metal mimics respectively, the first one was the static adsorption of activated carbon. The amount of activated carbon, the initial concentration of heavy metals in simulated solution and the adsorption time were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of Pb _ 2 was 91.23% Cu _ 2 removal rate was 93.25% and CD _ 2 removal rate was 62.13%. The second was to establish activated carbon fixed bed and check the bed height. The influence of the feed rate and the initial concentration of the heavy metal simulant on the heavy metal permeation curve. The third way is to absorb heavy metal ions by using activated carbon fixed bed resin combination process. The purification ability of the three methods from strong to weak are activated carbon fixed bed resin, activated carbon fixed bed and activated carbon static adsorption.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X705

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