吸附与生物膜法联用处理酸性矿山废水动态试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 15:35

本文选题：酸性矿山废水　切入点：重金属离子　出处：《辽宁工程技术大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：酸性矿山废水(AMD)污染问题是一个全球性问题,其具有pH值低、重金属离子含量高、SO42-浓度高等特点。目前,国内外对AMD的研究一般多为单纯处理重金属离子或硫酸根离子,本试验采用吸附与生物膜法联用处理AMD,可实现同步除硫、去除重金属离子、降低酸度的目的。以膨润土碱性复合颗粒作为吸附剂,硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)作为挂膜微生物,以生活污水、鸡粪、锯末的发酵液作为SRB的新型有机碳源,通过动态试验研究了吸附与生物膜法联用对AMD的处理效果、联用方式、协同作用净化机制以及容积水力负荷,以开发一种同步除硫、去除重金属离子、降低酸度的水处理新工艺,为实际工程应用提供理论参考依据。结果表明：1)对比研究8：2、5：5膨润土-钢渣复合颗粒与生物膜填料分层填装、混合填装以及单独挂膜填料的吸附-生物柱对AMD的处理效果,确定了5：5膨润土-钢渣复合颗粒的处理效果优于8：2颗粒,且复合颗粒与生物膜填料分层填装方式的处理效果优于混合填装、更优于单独挂膜填料的吸附-生物柱,5：5膨润土-钢渣复合颗粒与生物膜填料分层填装方式为处理AMD的最佳处理工艺；2)揭示了膨润土复合颗粒吸附与生物膜法联用可发挥协同净化作用：膨润土复合颗粒既可高效吸附去除重金属离子,又可释放碱度中和酸,为SRB还原SO42-创造了有利条件,而SRB还原SO42-产生的S2-与吸附的重金属离子Fe2+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Zn2+生成重金属硫化物沉淀,使硫、重金属离子真正固定,并使膨润土复合颗粒获得再生,可继续吸附重金属离子,二者结合互惠互利可发挥协同净化作用；3)对5：5膨润土复合颗粒与生物膜填料分层填装方式的最佳处理工艺进行了不同容积水力负荷的对比试验研究,确定了最佳设计运行参数：容积水力负荷是0.3235m3/(m3-d),水力停留时间是3d,可使出水pH值达到6～9,重金属离子(Fe2+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Zn2+)浓度均可达Omg/L,SO42-浓度达到121mg/L;以Cu2+为控制因素,穿透周期为64d；4)由于采用生活污水、鸡粪、锯末的发酵液作为SRB的新型有机碳源,在处理出水中会残留少量COD、NH3-N、P,可采用强化人工湿地进一步处理。吸附与生物膜法联用处理酸性矿山废水,可达到同步除硫、去除重金属离子、降低酸度的目的,同时可实现以废治废,值得推广应用。
[Abstract]:The pollution of acid mine wastewater (AMD) is a global problem, which has the characteristics of low pH value, high concentration of heavy metal ions and so on. At present, the research on AMD is usually simple treatment of heavy metal ions or sulfate ions at home and abroad. In this experiment, adsorption and biofilm method were used to treat AMD. the purpose of simultaneous sulfur removal, removal of heavy metal ions and reduction of acidity was achieved. Bentonite alkaline composite particles were used as adsorbent and sulfate reducing bacteria SRB as membrane suspension microorganism. The fermentation broth of domestic sewage, chicken dung and sawdust was used as the new organic carbon source of SRB. The treatment effect of AMD by the combination of adsorption and biofilm method, the combined use mode, the purification mechanism of synergism and the volumetric hydraulic load were studied by dynamic experiments. In order to develop a new water treatment technology for simultaneous sulfur removal, heavy metal ion removal and acidity reduction, this paper provides a theoretical basis for practical engineering application. The results show that 8: 2 (5: 5) bentonite-steel slag composite particles and biofilm fillers are stratified and filled with 8: 2 (5: 5) bentonite particles and biofilm fillers. The effect of adsorption-biological column on the treatment of AMD by mixed filling and single membrane packing is determined. The treatment effect of 5: 5 bentonite and steel slag composite particles is better than that of 8: 2 particles. And the treatment effect of composite particle and biofilm packing is better than that of mixed packing. The adsorption-biological column 5: 5 bentonite-steel slag composite particle and biofilm filler are better than single membrane packing. The best treatment process for AMD treatment is the combination of bentonite composite particle adsorption and biofilm method. In addition, bentonite composite particles can effectively adsorb and remove heavy metal ions. It can also release basicity neutralizing acid, which creates favorable conditions for SRB to reduce so _ 42-, while S _ 2- produced by SRB reduction so _ 42- and adsorbed heavy metal ion Fe2 _ (mn _ 2) ~ (2) Cu _ (2) O _ (2) Zn _ (2) to form heavy metal sulfide precipitation, which makes sulfur and heavy metal ions really fixed. The bentonite composite particles can be regenerated and can continue to adsorb heavy metal ions. The optimum treatment technology of 5: 5 bentonite composite particle and biofilm packing was studied by comparison of hydraulic load of different volumes. The optimum design operating parameters are determined as follows: the volumetric hydraulic load is 0.3235m3 / m3-dN, the HRT is 3d, the pH value of the effluent reaches 6 ~ 9, and the concentration of heavy metal ion Fe ~ (2 +) -H _ (2) mn _ (2) Cu ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) can reach Omg / L so _ 42- concentration up to 121 mg / L; Cu2 is the controlling factor. Due to the use of domestic sewage, chicken manure, sawdust fermentation liquid as a new organic carbon source for SRB, In the treatment of effluent, a small amount of CODN NH _ 3-N ~ (2 +) can be left, which can be further treated by enhanced constructed wetland. The purpose of simultaneous removal of sulfur, removal of heavy metal ions and reduction of acidity can be achieved by combined treatment of acid mine wastewater with adsorption and biofilm. At the same time, it can be realized by waste treatment, which is worth popularizing and applying.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X751

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