漓江上游鱼类物种多样性及河流健康评价指标体系研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 13:36

本文选题：鱼类群落　切入点：鱼类多样性　出处：《桂林理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以漓江上游流域为研究区域,于2013年4月至2014年1月分季度对漓江上游干流及其4条支流(小溶江、川江、陆洞河和黄柏江)进行了4次鱼类物种多样性调查研究,分析该水域鱼类物种组成及其多样性的时空变化特征,探讨鱼类群落组成的时空分布特征及其与溶解氧、水温、流速等环境因子的关系。本文构建漓江上游基于鱼类生物完整性评价河流健康指标体系,为漓江上游流域的鱼类资源保护及河流生态环境质量评价和管理提供科学依据。研究成果如下:1.漓江上游共采集鱼类标本9508尾,经鉴定隶属于淡水鱼类4目15科51属72种,分别为鲤形目、鲇形目、合鳃鱼目和鲈形目,其中,鲤形目物种数最多,为3科45种,占总物种数的62.50%;鲇形目5科13种,占总物种数的18.06%;鲈形目6科13种,占总物种数的18.06%合鳃鱼目1科1种,占总物种数的1.39%。2.在72种鱼类中,22种为中国特有种,1种为广西特有种:漓江副沙鳅(Parabotia.lijiangensis);2种为易濒危物种:波纹鳜(Siniperca.undulate)、小口白甲鱼(Onychostoma.lini);1种为广西新纪录物种:中华细鲫(Aphyocypris.chinensis)。优势种为宽鳍渞(Zacco.platypus)(2544尾)、方氏品唇鳅(Pseudogastromyzon.fangi)(1133尾)和马口鱼(Opsariichthys.bidens)(998尾),以上3个物种的个体数占总个体数的49.17%。该水域以溪流鱼类为主;底栖鱼类最多,占47.22%,其次为中下层鱼类,占38.89%;杂食性鱼类最多,占总鱼类物种数的37.50%;3.鱼类多样性变化显著,夏季鱼类多样性(Margalef物种丰富度Dma、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数He'、Pielou均匀度指数Je)高于春季和冬季,分别为7.59、2.98、0.72,秋季的He'和Je为最低,分别为2.14和0.59;漓江上游干流多样性高于其他四条支流(小溶江、川江、陆洞河、黄柏江),黄柏江优势种最明显(Simpson优势度指数λ最高),多样性最低。4.无度量多维排序(NMDS)显示,漓江上游鱼类群落结构的季节变化不显著,而空间变化较大。人类活动的干扰包括人类居住、农业活动、工程施工对鱼类群落的影响非常明显。鱼类多样性指数与环境因子(溶解氧、水温、pH、河面宽和平均水深)的关系密切。鱼类物种数与pH、水温、河宽、平均水深呈显著正相关,与溶解氧呈显著负相关。典范对应分析CCA结果显示9个环境因子中有8个环境因子与鱼类群落组成呈显著相关性,按其相关性依次为:海拔、距河口距离、河面宽、水温、溶解氧、pH、水深和颗粒尺寸,且不同季节鱼类群落组成受不同的环境因子主导。5.将22个候选指标经过分布范围、判别能力及相关性筛选之后,最终确定漓江上游鱼类IBI指标体系:即鱼类总物种数(M1)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(M7)、中下层鱼类占总类数的百分比(M11)、肉食性鱼类数量百分比(M14)、耐受性鱼类占总鱼类数的百分比(M22)5个参数指标。采用1、3、5赋值法计算各采样点IBI值,并将河流健康等级划分为:“健康(IBI值40)”、“一般(IBI值=27-40)”、“较差(IBI值=13-27)”、“极差(IBI值13)”和“无鱼”5个等级。结果显示,在漓江上游22个采样点中,10个采样点为“健康”,8个采样点为“一般”,4个采样点为“较差”;小溶江、川江、陆洞河大部分河段处于“健康”或“一般”,黄柏江为“较差”。Pearson相关性分析结果显示:IBI值与溶解氧含量呈显著正相关。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin as the research area, from April 2013 to January 2014 quarter of the Lijiang River upstream and 4 tributaries (small Rong Jiang Lu, Sichuan, gudonghe and Huang Baijiang) were the 4 fish species diversity investigation, temporal and spatial analysis of composition and diversity of the fish species, to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics fish community composition and its relationship with dissolved oxygen, water temperature, flow rate and other environmental factors. The construction of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River fish biological integrity of river health assessment based on the index system, and provide scientific basis for the evaluation of fish resources and protection of rivers in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River basin ecological environment quality and management. The research results are as follows: 1. the upper reaches of the Lijiang River fish specimens were collected 9508, after identification of freshwater fish belonging to 4 orders and 15 families 51 genera and 72 species, respectively, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, rice and fish in the order Perciformes, Cypriniformes species The largest number of 3 families and 45 species, accounting for 62.50% of the total species; siluriforms 5 families and 13 species, accounting for 18.06% of the total species of Perciformes; 6 families and 13 species, accounting for 18.06% of the total species of 1 families and 1 species of rice fish, the total species number of 1.39%.2. in 72 kinds of fishes, 22 China species are endemic species, 1 species are endemic to Guangxi: Lijiang loach (Parabotia.lijiangensis); 2 for endangered species: s.undulata (Siniperca.undulate), small white turtle (Onychostoma.lini); 1 for Guangxi new record species: aphyocypris chinensis (Aphyocypris.chinensis). The dominant species were wide fin Qiu (Zacco.platypus (2544) the party's tail), lip loach (Pseudogastromyzon.fangi) products (1133 individuals) and opsariichthys (Opsariichthys.bidens) (998 individuals), the total number of individuals individuals above 3 species of 49.17%. in the waters of the stream fish; benthic fish the most, accounting for 47.22%, followed by the lower level of fish, accounting for 38.89% the most omnivorous fish, The total fish species number 37.50%; 3. changes of fish biodiversity significantly, summer fish diversity (species richness Margalef Dma, Shannon-Wiener He'Pielou diversity index, evenness index, Je) was higher than that in spring and winter, respectively 7.59,2.98,0.72, He' and Je were the lowest in autumn, respectively 2.14 and 0.59 in the upper reaches of Lijiang River; diversity other than four tributaries (small Rong Jiang, Sichuan, Lu gudonghe, Huang Baijiang), the most obvious advantage of Phellodendron River (Simpson dominance index is highest, the lowest diversity lambda).4. non metric multidimensional ranking (NMDS) showed that the seasonal variation of Lijiang River upstream fish community structure was not significant, while the space changes greatly. The disturbance of human activities including human habitation, agricultural activities, influence the construction of fish community is very obvious. The fish diversity index and environmental factors (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, river width and average water depth) are closely related. Fish. Species and pH, water temperature, river width, average water depth was positively correlated, negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen. Canonical correspondence analysis CCA results showed that the 9 environmental factors in 8 environmental factors and fish community composition showed a significant correlation, according to the correlation as follows: elevation, distance from the mouth, the width of the river, the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, water depth and particle size, and different seasonal fish community composition under different environmental factors leading.5. 22 candidate indicators through the distribution range, after screening and correlation discriminant ability, and ultimately determine the upper reaches of the Lijiang River fish IBI index system: the total fish species (M1), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (M7), percentage of the total number of lower class fish (M11), carnivorous fish percentage (M14), the percentage of the total number of fish fish tolerance (M22) of the 5 parameters. The calculation of each sampling point value using IBI 1,3,5 assignment method, and the River Health classification: "Health (IBI 40)", "general (IBI =27-40)", "poor (IBI =13-27)", "poor (IBI 13)" and "fish" 5 levels. The results showed that in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River 22 sampling points, 10 sampling for "health", 8 sampling points for the "general", 4 sampling points were "poor"; small Rong Jiang, river, land of gudonghe River are in most of the "health" or "general", "poor Huang Baijiang".Pearson correlation analysis showed that the IBI value was positively correlated with dissolved oxygen content.

【学位授予单位】：桂林理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q958.8;X824

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