炉灰渣处理畜禽粪便堆肥化技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 19:15

本文选题：炉灰渣　切入点：鸡粪　出处：《延边大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：堆肥作为畜禽粪便资源化无害化处理的重要技术手段之一,得到国内外研究者的重视及生产中广泛应用。在畜禽粪便资源化无害化堆肥处理中,高含水率是困扰堆肥快速升温发酵的瓶颈,需要辅料的添加来降低湿粪中的水分。作为畜禽粪便堆肥的有机辅料,国内外常用的是木屑、树皮等农林业的副产物。但随着木屑货源的紧缺及价格的上涨,开发研究廉价易得堆肥辅助材料是当务之急。炉灰渣表面粗糙,形状不规则,有松散的结构,具有多孔结构,空隙率达50%-60%,有很好的吸湿性和通气性,因此炉灰渣可利用于畜禽粪便堆肥生产中的辅助材料。本实验对炉灰渣作为鸡粪堆肥辅料的可行性进行了分析。为了进一步了解炉灰渣添加比例,以添加比20%和40%做了比较。通过对发酵温度、含水率变化、pH值和C/N比测定,比较了两者以及以锯末为辅料的对照组进行了发酵效果评价。得出添加炉灰渣时发酵效果比对照组好,添加比为40%时比添加比为20%时发酵效果良好。本文以畜产废弃物好氧堆肥为研究对象,用PCR-DGGE法分析了细菌菌落结构,并分析了在发酵过程中细菌菌落变化。共鉴定出3个门(Actinobaeteria, Firmicutes和Deinococcus-Thermus)6个目(Bacillales, Clostridiales, Actinomycetales, Thermoanaerobacterales和Deinococci)的14种菌属。发酵中占主导地位的是Firmicutes门的Bacillales和Clostridiales。
[Abstract]:Composting, as one of the important technical means of harmless disposal of livestock and poultry manure, has been paid attention to by researchers at home and abroad and widely used in production. High moisture content is the bottleneck of rapid heating and fermentation of compost, which needs the addition of auxiliary materials to reduce the moisture in wet manure. As an organic adjunct for composting of livestock and poultry manure, wood chips are commonly used at home and abroad. But with the shortage of wood chips and the rise of prices, it is urgent to develop and study cheap and easily available compost auxiliary materials. The surface of furnace ash is rough, irregular, loose structure, porous structure, The porosity is 50% to 60%, which has good moisture absorption and ventilation. Therefore, furnace ash can be used as auxiliary material in composting of livestock and poultry manure. The feasibility of furnace ash as auxiliary material for chicken manure compost was analyzed in this experiment. The fermentation temperature, water content, pH value and C / N ratio were compared between 20% and 40%. The fermentative effects of the two groups and the control group with sawdust as auxiliary material were compared, and the results showed that the fermentation effect was better than that of the control group when the furnace ash was added. The fermentation effect was good when the addition ratio was 40 and 20. In this paper, the aerobic compost of animal waste was used as the research object, and the bacterial colony structure was analyzed by PCR-DGGE method. The bacterial colony changes during fermentation were analyzed. A total of 6 species of Bacillus, Clostridiales, Actinomycetales, Thermoanaerobacterales and Deinococciae were identified from 3 species of Actinobaeteria, Firmicutes and Deinococcus Thermus. Bacillales and Clostridiales of Firmicutes were dominant in the fermentation.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4;X713

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