厨余垃圾水热处理制取有机肥的试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 21:30

  本文选题：厨余垃圾　切入点：水热　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于我国生活垃圾日益增长的趋势和相对不足的垃圾处理能力,使得如何有效处理生活垃圾成为一个必须面对的技术难题。考虑到生活垃圾分类之后的厨余垃圾含有大量的有机质,养分丰富,具有制取有机肥的天然条件。而水热法是一种有效的厨余垃圾资源化利用的处理技术,因此开展厨余垃圾水热制取有机肥的研究具有重要的现实意义。 本文以实验研究为主,分析厨余垃圾水热产物的转化特性和各类肥效指标。结合水热过程中腐殖质的生成途径,分析氢离子在水热过程中对腐殖质形成的促进作用以及重金属和盐分在水热过程中的迁移特性。全文主要研究内容如下： 水热处理过后的厨余垃圾腐殖化程度高,有机质中有超过2/5是以腐殖质的形态存在。同时在205℃,50min工况下厨余垃圾的腐殖化率达到1.31,腐熟度很高,这也在红外光谱的分析过程中得到了验证。另外通过水热处理原生垃圾实现制取有机肥的效果与处理模拟垃圾的效果相一致。在典型工况下对原生垃圾进行水热处理,腐殖质含量达到33.82%,腐殖化率达到1.19,虽然相对模拟垃圾要偏低,但也较好的验证了水热法制取有机肥的可行性。 氢离子对水热过程的腐殖质的形成及腐殖化率的提高有一定的促进作用。加酸水热处理过后的腐殖质含量比未加酸要略高一点,而加酸之后的腐殖化率相对未加酸要上升不少。同时在反应温度较高的水热初期,无机弱酸所表现出的促进作用更明显。 水热处理能促进重金属向稳定态转化。水热处理过程中,厨余中重金属Cu、Pb的残渣态和可氧化态的比例明显增加,As的稳定性也略微增加,Zn由于易于同小分子腐殖质结合,其残渣态变化不明显。另外水热处理后绝大部分盐分停留在水解液中,固相中的盐分浓度很低。液相中NaCl含量占比都在85%以上。而添加不同浓度的NaCl对腐殖质的含量影响不是很明显,在高浓度的NaCl工况下,腐殖化率略微偏低。 综上所述,水热处理是一种有效的厨余垃圾土地利用技术。通过水热法处理厨余垃圾,能较快速地达到制肥的效果。水热产物的总养分和有机质含量均在国家农业标准的要求之内,其中总氮磷钾含量在5%以上,有机质的含量在60%-70%,很好地保存了厨余中有机质的含量。
[Abstract]:Due to the increasing trend of domestic waste and the relatively insufficient garbage disposal capacity in China, This makes the effective disposal of domestic waste a technical problem that must be faced. Considering that the kitchen waste after the classification of domestic waste contains a large amount of organic matter and is rich in nutrients, It has the natural condition of making organic fertilizer, and the hydrothermal method is an effective treatment technology for the utilization of kitchen waste. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop the research on the production of organic fertilizer from kitchen waste by water and heat. In this paper, the transformation characteristics and various fertilizer efficiency indexes of the hydrothermal products of kitchen waste are analyzed, and the formation of humus in the process of water and heat is combined. The effects of hydrogen ions on the formation of humus and the transport characteristics of heavy metals and salts during hydrothermal process were analyzed. The main contents of this paper are as follows:. After hydrothermal treatment, the humification degree of kitchen waste was high, and more than 2/5 of the organic matter existed in the form of humus. At the same time, the humification rate of kitchen waste reached 1.31 and the maturity was very high at 205 鈩，

本文编号：1613038