北京市怀柔区冬季大气重金属污染状况分析

发布时间：2018-03-15 08:09

本文选题：北京怀柔　切入点：PM.　出处：《环境化学》2016年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：环境大气中重金属元素通常存在于细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中,对人体健康和生态环境具有潜在威胁.开展大气中重金属的监测对评估其环境健康影响以及针对性控制措施的制定具有重要科学意义和现实意义.本文对北京市怀柔区大气中20种重金属元素于2016年1月19日至3月4日进行了连续现场监测,并分析了大气重金属的污染现状、特征及来源.观测期间大气平均总重金属浓度为0.52μg·m~(-3),约占PM_(2.5)平均浓度(70.3μg·m~(-3)的0.75%,其中以Fe、Zn、Ba、Pb、Mn、Cu、Cd、As浓度较高;在2月8日(大年初一)烟花爆竹燃放高峰期间大气颗粒物中重金属元素浓度明显升高,总重金属浓度最高可达7.94μg·m~(-3),占PM_(2.5)的比例为9%,尤其以Ba、Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr浓度增长最为突出.以Fe作为地壳参比元素,发现怀柔冬季大气中Ni、Mn、Ga、Cr的富集因子小于10,其它元素的富集因子大于10,表明怀柔冬季大气中Ni、Mn、Ga、Cr主要来源于土壤或岩石风化,其它元素则主要来自人为污染源排放.基于怀柔冬季大气中不同重金属变化特征分析,推测Pb、Zn、Hg、Mn、Ni、Se与As共同来源于冬季燃煤采暖以及周围工业园区煤炭燃料燃烧排放,Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn、Mn和Ba主要来源于烟花爆竹燃放,Cd等元素来源于周围工业园区的工业生产过程.
[Abstract]:Heavy metal elements in the ambient atmosphere are usually found in fine particulate matter (PM2. 5). The monitoring of heavy metals in the atmosphere is of great scientific and practical significance to assess the environmental health effects and to formulate targeted control measures. From January 19th 2016 to March 4th, 20 heavy metal elements in the atmosphere of Huairou District were continuously monitored in the field. The pollution status, characteristics and sources of heavy metals in the atmosphere were analyzed. During the observed period, the average total heavy metal concentration in the atmosphere was 0.52 渭 g 路m-1 ~ (-3) (about 2.5 渭 g 路m ~ (-1)) of the average concentration of 70.3 渭 g 路m ~ (-1) ~ (-3). In February 8th, the concentration of heavy metal elements in atmospheric particulates increased obviously during the peak of fireworks discharge. The highest concentration of total heavy metals is 7.94 渭 g 路m-1 ~ (-3), which accounts for 2.5% of PMX), especially the concentration of Ba-PbPbCuPbCuZZn-Mn-MN _ (Cr) is the most prominent. Fe is used as a reference element in the crust of the earth's crust, and Fe is used as a reference element in the earth's crust. It is found that the enrichment factor of NiMn-Ga-Cr in the atmosphere in Huairou winter is less than 10, and the enrichment factor of other elements is higher than 10, which indicates that the main source of Ni-Mn-Ga-Cr in the atmosphere in Huairou winter is soil or rock weathering. Other elements are mainly from anthropogenic pollution sources. Based on the analysis of the variation characteristics of different heavy metals in Huairou winter, It is inferred that the co-sources of Pb ~ (2 +) Zn ~ ((1)) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) -NiSe and as are derived from the coal-fired heating in winter and the combustion emission of coal fuel from the surrounding industrial parks.
【作者单位】：北京大学环境科学与工程学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点实验室;河北先河环保科技股份有限公司;
【基金】：环保部大气颗粒物化学成分在线监测设备研制与应用示范项目(2013YQ060569) 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项:(12700-452-10161-029) 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划,SS2014AA063007)资助~~
【分类号】：X51

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