牡丹江段动态水环境容量及污染源总量控制对策

发布时间：2018-03-16 11:01

本文选题：模糊综合评价　切入点：赋权　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水环境容量是对流域环境规划、污染防治与环境管理的重要依据,是协调经济发展与环境保护的重要指标。水环境容量的大小与水体的水文条件、环境功能类别密切相关,因此,水环境容量具有动态的管理特征。同时,水环境容量又具有资源价值特征。水环境容量及其容量分配的优化是环境科学研究的重要内容。本文以牡丹江段水体为研究对象,在充分结合水文特征条件的基础上,对环境容量的大小进行了系统研究,并据此提出了对流域污染源排污的控制方案。其研究结果可为流域环境规划与污染物总量分配提供科学依据。针对水体剩余环境容量与研究水体水质现状密切相关的特点,本文分别采用模糊综合评价法并分别分析比较了超标倍数法、层次分析法、熵值法、变异系数法4种不同的赋权方法,对研究水体水质现状进行了评价。研究结果表明采用层次分析法赋权,可以得到较为理想的评价结果。而不同算子算法的比较结果表明,采用相乘取大算子更能反应实际水质状况。牡丹江段水质目前处于Ⅲ-Ⅴ类状态。本文采用二维段尾法对研究水体水环境容量进行研究,研究结果表明:理想水环境容量从江滨大桥-柴河铁路桥江段的化学需氧量为12243.8t/a,氨氮为218.5t/a;柴河铁路桥-花脸沟江段的化学需氧量为114582t/a,氨氮为1497.48t/a。理想环境容量在一年不同的月份中呈现动态变化,江滨大桥-柴河铁路桥江段COD环境容量的变化范围为158~3024.5t/month,氨氮为3.05~52.09t/month。柴河铁路桥-花脸沟江段COD环境容量的变化范围为1153.7~32730.1t/month,氨氮为20.76~370.05t/month。剩余水环境容量结果是江滨大桥-柴河铁路桥江段的化学需氧量为10188.5t/a,氨氮为1725.06t/a;柴河铁路桥-花脸沟江段的化学需氧量为113237t/a,氨氮为3368.52t/a。其剩余环境容量值在一年不同的月份中呈现动态变化,江滨大桥-柴河铁路桥江段COD环境容量的变化范围为-1578.4t~3286.1t/month,氨氮从26.94~308.73t/month。柴河铁路桥-花脸沟江段COD环境容量的变化范围为-1438.3~32912.3t/month,氨氮从16.35~713.5t/month。通过构建容量-总量分配指标体系,对牡丹江段污染物总量控制分配提出了优化方案。以环境容量为依据,构建出“污染源大类-污染源细类”的双层分配体系,即建立了首层指标包括养殖业、种植业、生活源、工业源四类污染源以及二层包括生活源和工业源的综合分配指标体系。研究结果表明:养殖业源、农业源、生活源、工业源分别分得COD环境容量1425t/a,1156.1t/a,5796.2t/a,1810.2t/a,分别分得氨氮环境容量219.4t/a,292.2t/a,909.2t/a,304.2t/a。生活源二层分配中牡丹江污水处理厂、农村生活、北安河分别分得氨氮环境容量452.4t/a,108.1t/a,276.7t/a;分别分得COD环境容量2720.3t/a,1665.5t/a,1410.4/a。工业源二层分配中分得氨氮环境容量最多的是恒丰纸业,为129.1t/a,分得最少的是高信石油,分得氨氮3.6t/a;COD环境容量分得最多的是恒丰纸业为910.2t/a,富通汽车COD最少为26.3t/a。
[Abstract]:Water environmental capacity is an important basis for environmental planning, pollution control and environmental management, is an important indicator of economic development and environmental protection coordination. Hydrological conditions and water the size of water environmental capacity, environmental functional categories are closely related, therefore, the water environment capacity has the characteristics of dynamic management. At the same time, also has the capacity of water environment the resource value characteristics. Optimization of water environment capacity and capacity allocation is an important content in the study of environmental science. This paper takes Mudanjiang section of water as the research object, based on the full combination of hydrological characteristics on the condition of the environmental capacity of the size of the system were studied, and the control scheme of pollution sources of sewage. The study puts forward the results can provide scientific basis for the allocation of total amount of pollutants in watershed planning and environment. Based on the characteristics of water environmental capacity and water quality of the remaining closely related to the status quo, This paper uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were analyzed and compared exceed the standard multiple method, AHP, entropy method, variation coefficient method 4 different weighting methods, the research status of water quality was evaluated. The results show that using AHP weighting, can get ideal results and the comparison of different evaluation. The algorithm shows that the multiplication of large operators can better reflect the actual water quality. Water quality in Mudanjiang section is currently in III-V state. Based on the study of water environmental capacity of two-dimensional section tail method, the results show that the chemical oxygen demand of the water environmental capacity from the ideal riverside bridge - Chai River railway bridge section for the 12243.8t/a, ammonia nitrogen is 218.5t/a; chemical oxygen demand Chai River Railway Bridge in Erhualian ditch is 114582t/a, ammonia nitrogen is 1497.48t/a. ideal environmental capacity in different months in a The dynamic range of riverside bridge - Chai River Railway Bridge of the environmental capacity of COD is 158~3024.5t/month, the variation range of ammonia nitrogen to 3.05~52.09t/month. Chai River Railway Bridge in Erhualian ditch the environmental capacity of COD is 1153.7~32730.1t/month, ammonia nitrogen is 20.76~370.05t/month. residual water environmental capacity is the result of chemical oxygen demand riverside bridge - Chai River Railway bridge in 10188.5t/a for 1725.06t/a, ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand; Chai River Railway Bridge in Erhualian ditch is 113237t/a, ammonia nitrogen is 3368.52t/a. and its remaining environmental capacity value showed dynamic changes in different months, the variation range of riverside bridge - Chai River Railway Bridge of the environmental capacity of COD is -1578.4t~3286.1t/month, the variation range of ammonia nitrogen from 26.94~308.73t/month. Chai River Railway Bridge of Erhualian ditch the environmental capacity of COD is -1438.3~32912.3t/month, ammonia nitrogen from 16.35~713.5t/month. Build capacity - the total allocation index system, optimize the allocation of total control of pollutants in Mudanjiang section is proposed. The environmental capacity as the basis, to build a "double distribution system of pollution source categories - pollution source fine", namely the establishment of the first level indicators including aquaculture, farming, living sources, industrial sources four the pollution source and the two layer including the source of life and industrial sources comprehensive allocation index system. The results show that: industry sources, agricultural sources, the source of life, industrial sources respectively share 1425t/a, COD 1156.1t/a 5796.2t/a, 1810.2t/a environmental capacity, respectively, share 219.4t/a, 292.2t/a 909.2t/a, the environmental capacity of ammonia nitrogen, 304.2t/a. two layer distribution in Mudanjiang source of life the sewage treatment plant, rural life, Bei'an River were assigned 452.4t/a, ammonia environmental capacity of 108.1t/a, 276.7t/a respectively; share of 2720.3t/a, the environmental capacity of COD 1665.5t/a, the two layer distribution industry source 1410.4/a. The most environmental capacity to get NH3-N is Hengfeng Paper Industry. For 129.1t/a, the smallest part is Gao Xin oil, which has 3.6t/a of ammonia nitrogen and the most environmental capacity of COD is Hengfeng Paper Industry, 910.2t/a and COD at least 26.3t/a..

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X522;X26

【参考文献】