淮南重金属污染对土壤动物群落影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 08:42

本文选题：重金属污染　切入点：土壤动物　出处：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土壤动物是土壤生态环境变化的敏感性指示指标,已经成为土壤生态恢复研究的热点。通过对淮南市土壤重金属含量的分析以及污染等级的确定,共选取8个采样点进行调查,分析重金属污染对于土壤动物的影响,结果表明:(1)8个样地共获得土壤动物1 346个,隶属于4门8纲23个类群,其中,优势类群为隐翅类、螨类、膜翅类3类,弹尾类、双翅类、鞘翅类、半翅类、唇足类(蜈蚣)、蚯蚓类、双尾类、鞘翅(幼)8类为常见类群,其余的12类为稀有类群。(2)重金属污染对土壤动物群落影响显著。具体表现为:随着重金属污染程度的增加,土壤动物的个体数和类群数均呈减小的趋势,群落的均匀性和多样性也呈降低的趋势,而优势度指数呈逐渐升高趋势。(3)土壤动物群落的生物多样性指数和均匀度指数呈正密切相关,多样性指数和优势性指数呈负密切相关,均匀度指数和优势性指数呈负密切相关。(4)样地E舜耕山采样点为清洁区,A洛河电厂采样点为轻度污染区,B洛河电厂灰场为中度污染区,C顾桥煤矿、D顾北煤矿两地为较严重污染区,以及F淮化集团、G潘一矿、H田集电厂均为严重污染区。(5)在有重金属污染的土壤样地中(样地A、B、C、D、F、G、H),优势类群与常见类群的个体数和类群数相对无污染样地(样地E)存在明显减少的趋势,有的土壤动物种类甚至变成了稀有类群。这些稀有类群中原尾类、结合类和革翅类对于重金属污染影响的反应特别敏感,在各个污染样地的变化也最为明显。(6)通过布雷柯蒂斯(Bray Curtis)聚类分析法的计算,8个重金属污染样点大致可以分为4组:样地A与样地B为一组,样地C与样地D为一组,样地F、样地G与样地H为一组,对照组样地E自成一组,样地E与其它样地的相似度均较低。(7)各样地的综合污染指数与各采样点的几种土壤理化性质指标无明显的相关关系。重金属污染样地的土壤理化性质对土壤动物群落的数量与种类分布也无明显的影响。但是,在非重金属污染区中,壤动物群落的数量与种类数量与土壤的理化性质呈密切的正相关关系。(8)在对照组样地E以及重金属污染程度不严重的样地A、B、C、D中,土壤动物群落的个体数与类群数随着土壤深度的向下加深,而逐渐减少,重金属污染程度越低(综合污染指数越低)的样地中,这种变化趋势越明显;但是在重金属污染程度严重的样地F、G、H中,土壤动物的垂直变化趋于平缓,甚至在a层(0-5cm)与b层(5-10cm)出现了逆向分布现象。
[Abstract]:Soil fauna is a sensitive indicator of soil ecological environment change and has become a hot spot in soil ecological restoration. Through the analysis of soil heavy metal content and the determination of pollution grade in Huainan City, 8 sampling sites were selected for investigation. The effects of heavy metal pollution on soil animals were analyzed. The results showed that 1 346 soil animals were obtained from 8 plots, belonging to 23 groups of 4 phyla, 8 classes and 8 classes. Centipede, earthworm, bitail, scabbard. The other 12 groups are rare species. (2) heavy metal pollution has a significant effect on soil fauna community, which shows that the number of individuals and groups of soil animals decreases with the increase of heavy metal pollution. The evenness and diversity of the soil fauna community also showed a decreasing trend, while the dominance index showed an increasing trend. (3) the biodiversity index and the evenness index of the soil fauna community were positively correlated, while the diversity index and the dominance index were negatively correlated. Evenness index and dominance index showed negative close correlation. 4) the sampling point of E Shunguoshan is clean area. The sampling point of Luohe Power Plant is light pollution area. The ash farm of Luohe Power Plant is moderate pollution area. For more heavily polluted areas, And F Huai Chemical Group Group Gangpan 1 Coal Mine Htian Power Plant is a seriously polluted area.) in the soil sample land with heavy metal pollution, the dominant group and the number of individuals and groups of common groups are relatively unpolluted in the soil sample plots with heavy metal pollution (sample plots). In a marked downward trend, Some of the soil fauna species have even become rare groups. These rare groups are particularly sensitive to the effects of heavy metal pollution. The change of each polluted plot is also most obvious. 6) by using Bray Curtis) cluster analysis, the eight heavy metal pollution samples can be roughly divided into four groups: sample A and sample B, sample C and sample D as a group. Sample plot F, sample plot G and sample H as a group, control group sample E as a group, There was no significant correlation between the comprehensive pollution index of each plot and several soil physical and chemical properties of each sampling site. The soil physical and chemical properties of heavy metal contaminated land had no significant correlation with the soil fauna. The number and species distribution of the community also had no significant effect. However, In the non-heavy metal polluted area, there was a close positive correlation between the number of soil fauna community and the physical and chemical properties of soil. The number of individuals and groups of soil fauna community decreased gradually with the deepening of soil depth. The lower the degree of heavy metal pollution (the lower the comprehensive pollution index), the more obvious the change trend was. However, the vertical variation of soil fauna tended to be gentle in the heavy metal polluted sample plots, and even in layer a (0-5 cm) and layer b (5-10 cm), the distribution of soil fauna was reversed.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;S154

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