基于多指标决策分析的餐厨垃圾能源化技术综合评价与政策建议

发布时间：2018-03-20 21:14

本文选题：餐厨垃圾　切入点：厌氧消化　出处：《清华大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2010年中国产生餐厨垃圾9000万吨,厨余垃圾约占50%,2014年厨余垃圾产生量增加到4000万吨,其中的90%卫生填埋。截至2015年,中国政府审批支持了5批100个城市开展餐厨垃圾处理试点项目。厌氧消化技术在这些在建或拟建餐厨垃圾处理工程中占主导地位,尤其是在第3批试点城市中超过了95%。因此,开展现有餐厨垃圾厌氧消化项目的综合评估,对后续试点项目的建设、运营和政府管理措施的完善具有重要意义。本研究系统分析了目前中国餐厨垃圾厌氧消化项目面临的挑战,梳理和比较国内外的相关的管理措施和政策。实地调研了法国餐厨垃圾处理项目的建设运营和管理措施,比较研究了英国、法国、瑞典和德国等欧盟国家,以及新加坡、韩国和香港地区的建设项目和管理政策,为中国类似处理项目提供参考。通过对中国三个餐厨垃圾产沼气示范项目的实地分析,本文评价了项目的技术水平、经济性和环境影响,提出项目运营存在的主要问题和挑战,并应用多目标决策分析模型,为企业项目建设和管理政策制定提出了对应的建议。主要研究发现:一是政府补贴需要从项目建设投资补贴,向以项目绩效为基础的产出补贴转变;二是根据目前项目经济状况重新设计和实施发电上网的电价补贴额度;三是促进生物天然气的使用,以提高沼气提纯项目的经济性;四是提高餐厨垃圾的收集效率,为处理企业提供稳定的原料供给;五是鼓励餐厨垃圾等废物共消化的沼气项目;六是鼓励沼气项目产品多元化,降低运营经济风险;七是促进沼渣沼液的利用和无害化处置,保障项目持续稳定运营。
[Abstract]:In 2010, China produced 90 million tons of kitchen waste, accounting for about 50 tons of kitchen waste. In 2014, the amount of kitchen waste increased to 40 million tons, of which 90% were sanitary landfills. The Chinese government has approved and supported 5 batches of 100 cities to carry out pilot projects for the disposal of kitchen waste. Anaerobic digestion technology has dominated these projects, especially in the third batch of pilot cities, so anaerobic digestion technology has dominated these projects, especially in the third batch of pilot cities. To carry out the comprehensive evaluation of the existing anaerobic digestion project of kitchen waste, and to build the following pilot projects, It is of great significance to improve the operation and government management measures. This study systematically analyzes the challenges facing the anaerobic digestion project of Chinese kitchen waste. Combing and comparing the relevant management measures and policies at home and abroad. The construction, operation and management measures of the French food and kitchen waste disposal project were investigated in the field. The EU countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Sweden and Germany, as well as Singapore, were comparatively studied. The construction projects and management policies in South Korea and Hong Kong provide reference for similar treatment projects in China. Based on the field analysis of three demonstration projects of biogas production from kitchen waste in China, this paper evaluates the technical level of the projects. The main problems and challenges of project operation are presented, and the multi-objective decision analysis model is applied. The main findings are as follows: first, the government subsidy needs to change from project construction investment subsidy to output subsidy based on project performance; Second, according to the current economic situation of the project, redesign and implement the electricity price subsidy quota for electricity generation and access to the Internet; third, promote the use of natural gas in order to improve the economy of the biogas purification project; and fourth, improve the efficiency of the collection of kitchen waste. To provide a stable supply of raw materials for handling enterprises; fifthly, to encourage biogas projects that are digested together with waste such as kitchen waste; sixthly, to encourage the diversification of biogas products and reduce operational economic risks; and seventh, to promote the utilization and harmless disposal of biogas sludge. To ensure the continuous and stable operation of the project.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799

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