湖南省吉首市石漠化综合治理模式研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 21:50

本文选题：吉首市　切入点：石漠化　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：石漠化是当前全球最严重的环境问题之一,土地荒漠化的防治与治理已经成为全球加强生态建设的重要领域。目前,单一的治理措施已经无法达到人们需要的治理效果,且治理后容易恢复原状。因此,石漠化综合治理模式已经成为生产实践中迫切需要的应用技术。本文以湖南省吉首市为例,开展土地石漠化综合治理模式研究,其主要研究结果如下：(1)吉首市2014年土地总面积106245.8hm2,其中非岩溶面积10208.4hm2,岩溶面积96037.4hm2。岩溶面积中非石漠化面积35695.1hm2,潜在石漠化面积34945.1hm2,石漠化面积25397.2hm2,其中轻度石漠化面积15832.4hm2,中度石漠化面积8464.0hm2,强度石漠化面积983.3hm2,极强度石漠化面积117.5hm2。(2)基于吉首市石漠化现状特征和石漠化影响因子,在现有6种石漠化治理模式的基础上,采用层次分析法构建了以“林草植被建设—草食畜牧业发展—水利水保措施建设”相结合的石漠化综合治理模式。(3)完成了湾溪河小流域的石漠化综合治理案例设计。封山育林1807.4hm2,人工造生态林201.9hm2,棚圈建设4652m2,青贮窖建设440m3,饲草机械建设22台,引水渠19620m,排水沟1000m,维修水塘2口,拦河坝11座,蓄水池20口,沉沙池5口,共治理石漠化面积2001.6hm2。(4)对湾溪河小流域的石漠化综合治理进行了效果分析。湾溪河小流域石漠化综合治理实施后,预计治理区新增森林涵养水源总量为15.75万立方米/年、年均可减少水土流失16.73万吨、每年可吸收二氧化碳1293.17吨,释放氧气1144.77吨、吸收二氧化硫30.69吨,削减粉尘0.44万吨;创造的直接经济价值为6770.40万元,间接经济价值为220.23万元。
[Abstract]:Rocky desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world at present. The prevention and control of land desertification has become an important field to strengthen ecological construction in the world. Therefore, the comprehensive control mode of rocky desertification has become an urgent application technology in production practice. This paper takes Jishou City of Hunan Province as an example to carry out a study on the comprehensive control model of land rocky desertification. The main results are as follows: (1) the total land area of Jishou city in 2014 is 106245.8 hm2, in which the non-karst area is 10208.4hm2and the karst area is 96037.4hm2.Karst area is 35695.1hm2.Karst area is 35695.1hm2, potential rocky desertification area 34945.1hm2, rocky desertification area 25397.2hm2among them, slight rocky desertification area is 15832.4hm2. The area of moderate rocky desertification is 8464.0hm2, the area of intensity rocky desertification is 983.3hm2, and the area of extreme intensity rocky desertification is 117.5hm2.2. On the basis of existing six models of rocky desertification, The comprehensive control model of rocky desertification is constructed with the combination of "forest and grass vegetation construction, herbivorous animal husbandry development and water conservancy and water conservation measures" by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The comprehensive control case of rocky desertification in the small watershed of the Bay River is set up. The forest was closed up at 1807.4hm2, the artificial ecological forest 201.9hm2, the greenhouse 4652m2, the silage cellar 440m3and the forage machinery 22, The drainage channel is 19620m, the drainage ditch is 1000m, the maintenance pond is 2, the block dam is 11, the reservoir is 20, the sand sink is 5, The effect of comprehensive control of rocky desertification in the small watershed of Wanxi River is analyzed. After the comprehensive control of rocky desertification in the small watershed of Wanxi River is carried out, it is estimated that the total amount of new forest water conservation water in the control area is 157500 cubic meters per year. The annual soil and water loss can be reduced by 167300 tons, the annual carbon dioxide can be absorbed by 1293.17 tons, oxygen is released by 1144.77 tons, sulfur dioxide is absorbed by 30.69 tons, dust is reduced by 4400 tons, the direct economic value is 67.704 million yuan and the indirect economic value is 2.2023 million yuan.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.4

【引证文献】