绿化植物叶解剖结构特征及其对城市空气环境的响应

发布时间：2018-03-22 17:28

本文选题：解剖结构　切入点：冷冻切片　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：植物在改善城市生态环境的同时也在适应环境的变化,叶片解剖形态的变化一方面是植物适应环境的结果,另一方面也可用来指示环境的变化。本文以西安市常见绿化树种大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus)、大叶女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、石楠(Photinia serrulata)、小叶女贞(Ligustrum quihoui)以及紫叶李(Prunus ceraifera cv.Pissardii)为研究对象,采用冷冻切片和显微成像技术研究了叶的解剖特征;同时探讨了这些特征与空气污染之间的关系,为进一步认识植物对城市环境的适应提供依据,为城市绿化植物的选择提供一些科学的指导。主要结果如下:(1)不同植物叶片解剖结构的季节性变化规律基本相同,叶片厚度变化存在一定的波动性但总体呈上升趋势,角质层厚度都呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,表皮细胞总体呈下降趋势,栅栏组织厚度呈缓慢上升趋势,海绵组织厚度先升高后降低;整个叶片中,栅栏组织所占比例逐渐增大,叶片紧密程度越来越大。(2)几种植物叶片都具有上下两层角质层,上下两层表皮细胞,叶肉细胞都明显分化为栅栏组织与海绵组织。上角质层厚度大于下角质层厚度,上表皮厚度大于下表皮厚度,栅栏组织排列紧密,海绵组织排列疏松。不同植物叶片解剖结构均具有显著性差异,其中以海绵组织与叶组织结构疏松度变化幅度较大。解剖结构之间存在着一定的相关关系,叶片上下角质层厚度,海绵组织厚度,叶片厚度之间存在显著或极显著的相关关系,叶片厚度受角质层厚度和海绵组织厚度的影响较大。(3)大叶女贞、小叶女贞、紫叶李、海桐、石楠以及大叶黄杨6种植物叶片解剖结构指标的综合指标变异系数分别为13.9%、12.7%、10.8%、10.2%、9.2%和9.8%,可塑性指数分别为0.345、0.298、0.271、0.255、0.243和0.238;6种植物的生态适应性强弱为:大叶女贞小叶女贞紫叶李海桐石楠大叶黄杨。各解剖结构中栅栏组织,海绵组织,栅海比具有较大的可塑性,说明在应对不同环境时栅栏组织与海绵组织其主导作用。(4)6种植物叶片的角质层厚度几乎都与CO浓度呈显著或极显著的正相关,与O3浓度呈显著或极显著负相关。而小叶女贞和紫叶李的角质层厚度与PM10浓度也存在显著性相关关系。所研究的6种植物中,大叶黄杨、大叶女贞、海桐和小叶女贞4种植物的海绵组织与O3浓度呈显著正相关关系。
[Abstract]:Plants not only improve the urban ecological environment, but also adapt to the changes in the environment. On the one hand, the changes in the anatomical morphology of leaves are the result of the adaptation of plants to the environment. On the other hand, it can also be used to indicate the change of environment. In this paper, Euonymus japonicusus, Ligustrum lucidumum, Pittosporum tobirama, Photinia serrulataae, Liguquihouiae and Prunus ceraifera cv. Pissardii, common greening tree species in Xi'an, were studied. The anatomical characteristics of leaves were studied by using frozen slices and microimaging techniques, and the relationship between these characteristics and air pollution was also discussed, which provided a basis for further understanding the adaptation of plants to the urban environment. The main results are as follows: (1) the seasonal variation of leaf anatomical structure of different plants is basically the same, and the variation of leaf thickness is fluctuating but rising generally. The thickness of cuticle decreased first and then increased, the thickness of palisade tissue increased slowly, the thickness of spongy tissue increased first and then decreased, and the proportion of palisade tissue increased gradually in the whole leaf. Each plant has two layers of cuticle, two layers of epidermis, two layers of epidermis, and the mesophyll cells are obviously differentiated into palisade tissue and spongy tissue. The thickness of the upper cuticle is greater than that of the lower cuticle. The thickness of upper epidermis is greater than that of lower epidermis, palisade tissue is closely arranged, sponge tissue is loosely arranged. There was a significant or extremely significant correlation between the thickness of the upper and lower cuticle of leaves, the thickness of sponge tissue, and the thickness of leaf. Leaf thickness was influenced by cuticle thickness and sponge tissue thickness. The coefficient of variation of the comprehensive indexes of leaf anatomical structure of six plants of Photinia and Populus davidiana were 13.9and 12.710.8, respectively, and the index of plasticity was 0.3450.2980.2710.2550.243 and 0.23886, respectively. The ecological adaptability of six species of plants was 0.3450.2981.0.2550.243 and 0.23886.The ecological adaptability of six species of plants was 0.3450.2980.271and 0.23886.The ecological adaptability of the six plants was 12.710.8% and 9.8%, respectively. The palisade tissue in each anatomical structure, Sponge tissue, the ratio of grid to sea has great plasticity, indicating that the cuticle thickness of leaves of six species of plants, palisade tissue and spongy tissue, has a significant or extremely significant positive correlation with CO concentration in response to different environments, the dominant role of palisade tissue and spongy tissue is. There was also a significant correlation between the cuticle thickness of Ligustrum lucidum and Plum purpurea and the concentration of PM10. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of O3 and the spongy tissue of four species of Ligustrum microphylla.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X173;X51

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