单壁碳纳米管材料（SWCNTs）对水稻的植物毒性效应的研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 16:07

本文选题：单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)　切入点：水稻　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着纳米技术的快速发展,碳纳米管(CNTs)作为一种新型的纳米材料,因其具有大的比表面积和高表面能,而被广泛地应用于工业领域。然而,在碳纳米管(CNTs)材料的生产、应用和处理等过程中,CNTs将不可避免的进入到大气、水和土壤环境中,可能对生态系统结构和功能产生潜在的负面影响。水稻是人类赖以生存的农作物,进入到环境中的CNTs会被水稻植物吸收,再通过食物链最终进入到人体中,可能会对人体健康造成潜在危险。目前,相关研究主要探索CNTs对人、动物和微生物的毒性效应,而CNTs对植物的毒性效应和致毒机制还不完全清楚。本研究的目的是采用水培实验,通过研究不同浓度的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)(10、20、40 mg/L)对萌发期内水稻的发芽率、根长和幼苗生长期内水稻的鲜重、干重、含水率、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和脂质过氧化的影响,揭示单壁碳纳米管对水稻的毒性效应,并试图探讨其致毒机制;通过研究水稻植株对单壁碳纳米管的吸收累积,了解单壁碳纳米管进入水稻植株的可能途径以及在水稻植株体中的分布。结果表明,SWCNTs对水稻发芽率没有任何抑制作用,但是会延迟种子的发芽时间;SWCNTs能显著抑制水稻幼苗植株的生长,且随着单壁碳纳米管浓度的增加,水稻根长、鲜重、干重、含水率、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白呈下降趋势。进一步研究表明,SWCNTs引起水稻体内活性氧自由基(ROS)含量的变化,进而导致超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)抗氧化酶活性升高,对水稻造成过氧化损伤,导致脂质过氧化。另外,通过透射电镜观察(TEM)分析,发现SWCNTs颗粒分布在水稻幼苗根尖表皮细胞的细胞壁中,这表明水稻幼苗通过根吸收了SWCNTs颗粒。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as a new type of nano-materials, have been widely used in industrial fields because of their large specific surface area and high surface energy. In the process of application and treatment, CNTs will inevitably enter the atmosphere, water and soil environment, which may have a potential negative impact on ecosystem structure and function. CNTs that enters the environment will be absorbed by rice plants and eventually entered into the human body through the food chain, which may pose a potential hazard to human health. At present, related studies have mainly explored the toxic effects of CNTs on humans, animals and microbes. However, the toxic effect and mechanism of CNTs on plants were not completely clear. The purpose of this study was to study the germination rate of rice during germination period by using hydroponics experiments with different concentrations of SWCN-CNT (1020mg / L). The effects of fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content, chlorophyll, soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (catalase) and lipid peroxidation of rice during root length and seedling growth stage were studied. Through the study of the absorption and accumulation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in rice plants, To understand the possible pathway of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into rice plants and their distribution in rice plantlets. The results showed that SWCNTs had no inhibitory effect on the germination rate of rice. But SWCNTs could significantly inhibit the growth of rice seedlings, and the root length, fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content increased with the increase of single-walled carbon nanotube concentration. Further studies showed that SWCNTs caused changes in the content of reactive oxygen free radicals (Ros) in rice, which led to the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase catalase (catalase). In addition, SWCNTs particles were found to be distributed in the cell wall of the root epidermis of rice seedlings, which indicated that rice seedlings absorbed SWCNTs particles through the root.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.5

【参考文献】