HSPF在南四湖入湖河流主要污染物通量研究中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-26 10:19

本文选题：主要污染物　切入点：通量　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：南水北调东线工程成败关键在治污,治污重点在山东,重中之重在南四湖流域。南四湖地处山东省西南部,湖面南北狭长约125km,东西宽5-25km,湖面面积1266km2,是中国北方最大的淡水湖泊,也是我国第6大淡水湖泊,同时还是南水北调东线工程山东段的重要输水通道和调蓄湖泊。东线调水布局及南四湖所处地理位置决定了南四湖流域水污染控制成为东线工程治污的关键。准确估算南四湖流域入湖河流污染物通量对流域污染物总量控制和水质保护具有重要意义。而污染负荷的准确评价已经成为当前南四湖流域水环境管理和总量控制的“瓶颈”。因此,亟待建立涵盖点源和非点源的南四湖流域入湖河流主要污染物通量评估方法,为流域治污工作提供技术支撑。本文在充分收集水文、气象、水利工程、土地利用、水质监测和污染源普查等数据资料基础上,以薛城小沙河流域作为南四湖流域入湖河流示范流域,开展了陆域点源(集中污水处理设施、未经处理生活源、工业点源和集中畜禽养殖)调查,建立了点源与河段对应关系；通过生成水文、气象、地形、土地利用、土壤、人口、水质监测和点源等要素图层,建立了满足HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Progorm-FORTRAN)模拟需求的基础地理数据库；通过时间序列的生成(水文、气象、水质监测和点源负荷)、施肥数据施肥数据录入、河道水力函数表的建立(河道、闸坝和水库)、初始参数估计和灵敏度分析等步骤,建立了薛城小沙河流域HSPF模型；利用HSPF模型对2007-2010年南四湖入湖河流薛城小沙河流域彭口闸断面主要污染物(COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷)入湖通量进行模拟与评估,模拟给定断面的主要污染物负荷,并分析负荷的构成及年内分布情况。主要研究结论如下：(1)以BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point Nonpoint Sources)核心模型HSPF为工具,在综合考虑点源(工业点源、集中污水处理设施、未经处理生活源和畜禽养殖点源)和非点源的基础上,以薛城小沙河流域为示范流域,建立了缺乏同步观测数据条件下南四湖入湖河流主要污染物通量评估方法。(2)在考虑水库和闸坝等重要水质影响因素的基础上,对具有南四湖入湖河流薛城小沙河主要污染物水质浓度和入湖通量进行了模拟。薛城小沙河流域出口彭口闸各主要污染物通量特征为：①2007年,COD、氨氮(NH3-N)总磷(TP)通量以未经处理生活源为主；总氮(TN)通量以集中污水处理设施为主。②2008～2010年,COD、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)通量以集中污水处理设施为主；氨氮(NH3-N)通量以非点源为主。HSPF在薛城小沙河流域主要污染物通量评估中的应用结果表明：在缺乏同步观测数据条件下,HSPF在对闸控河流主要污染物浓度和通量的研究中能够取得较好的效果,可以实现河流流域不同监测断面主要污染物负荷通量构成的分析,能够同时给出点源和非点源入湖通量,为污染物总量分配及负荷削减提供依据,并为南四湖流域其它入湖河流主要污染物通量的评估及总量控制从技术上提供参考依据。(3)以MATLAB为工具,建立了针对HSPF模型输出文件(.out)的统计方法,能够实现模型输出数据的快速统计,相对常规统计方法极大地节省了人力和时间。
[Abstract]:North Water Transfer Project key to success in pollution control, pollution focus in Shandong, focus in Nansi Lake. The Nansi Lake is located southwest of Shandong Province, the North-South strip is about 125km, the width is about 5-25km, the area of 1266km2, is the largest freshwater lake in North Chinese, is China's sixth largest freshwater Lake, an important water channel at the same time or the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Shandong section of the eastern water diversion and storage lakes. The layout and location of Nansi Lake determines the Nansi Lake Basin water pollution control has become a key project of the eastern route of pollution. The accurate estimation of flux of pollutants into the Lake Nansi Lake region of river basin is of great significance to the total pollutant control and water quality protection and pollution load accurately. The evaluation has become the Nansi Lake water environmental management and total control of the "bottleneck". Therefore, to establish the covering point and non-point source South four The lake into Lake River is the main pollutant flux evaluation method, to provide technical support for watershed pollution control work in this article. The full collection of hydrology, meteorology, water conservancy project, land use, water quality monitoring and pollution source census data on the basis of the data, in Xuecheng Shahe River as the river into the Lake Nansi Lake watershed demonstration, carried out the land source (centralized sewage treatment facilities, untreated life source, industrial point source and centralized livestock) survey, a point source and reach corresponding relationship; through the generation of hydrology, meteorology, topography, land use, soil, population, water quality monitoring and point source elements layer is built to meet the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Progorm-FORTRAN) the simulation needs basic geographic database; by generating time series (hydrology, meteorology, water quality monitoring and pollution load), fertilizer fertilization data entry data, the river hydraulic function table The establishment (river, dam and reservoir), initial parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis steps, established the HSPF model of Xue Chengxiao Shahe basin; 2007-2010 years of Nansi Lake River in Xuecheng Shahe river mouth small Peng gate section by using the HSPF model of main pollutants (COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus) were simulated with the flux into the lake assessment of major pollutants load simulation for a given section, and analyze the composition and distribution of annual load situation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) to BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point Nonpoint Sources HSPF) core model as a tool, considering the point source (industrial point source, centralized sewage treatment facilities, without treatment the source of life and livestock and poultry breeding point source and non-point source) based on the Xuecheng Shahe basin as a demonstration basin, established under the condition of lack of synchronous observation data of four South Lake River pollution Flux evaluation method. (2) in consideration of the reservoir and the dam and other important influence on water quality, water quality of major pollutants concentration in Nansi Lake Shahe and lake Xuecheng river small flux is simulated. The main pollutants exported to Xuecheng small Shahe basin Peng Kou Zha flux characteristics are as follows: 2007, COD ammonia (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP) flux to untreated life source; total nitrogen (TN) fluxes to centralized sewage treatment facilities. In 2008~2010 years, COD, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) flux to centralized sewage treatment facilities; ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) fluxes to non-point source the main results of.HSPF application in flux of major pollutants in Xuecheng small watershed assessment in Shahe show that in the absence of conditions of synchronous observation data, research on HSPF gate controlled River main pollutant concentrations and fluxes can obtain better effect, can achieve the river Analysis of main pollutants in different domain monitoring section load flux composition, can also give the point source and non-point source flux into the lake, and provide the basis for the total pollutant load allocation and load reduction, and flux of major pollutants into the lake and other rivers in Nansi Lake Basin assessment and total control of reference from technology. (3) based on MATLAB a tool for HSPF model output file (.Out) statistical method, which can realize the rapid statistical model of output data, relative to the conventional statistical method greatly saves manpower and time.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X524

【参考文献】