关中—天水经济区生态系统服务时空权衡与协同

发布时间：2018-03-27 13:14

本文选题：生态系统服务　切入点：权衡　出处：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的快速发展,人口的迅速增加,人类社会对物质和精神的需求不断增长,进而直接或间接的对生态系统增强了人为干涉,致使生态系统功能紊乱,生态系统结构不稳定,超出了生态系统自身承载力。地球上的24个生态系统中,有15个正在持续恶化。因此对生态系统的重视和保护尤为重要。生态系统服务之间具有相互制约、相互影响的复杂关系。本文基于对经济学上的生产可能性边界(也称为帕累托效率曲线)的理解和认识,将其应用于生态系统服务关系研究上,分析了生态系统服务之间的权衡竞争与协同互助关系,并通过情景模拟进行了最优配置分析,为生态系统发展提供一定的科学依据。研究内容主要包括：(1)生态系统服务量值计算。对关天经济区2000年、2005年以及2010年的粮食产量、碳固定、土壤保持、涵养水源四种生态系统服务进行估算。(2)关天经济区整体生态系统服务相关性分析。包括供给服务(粮食生产)与调节服务(碳固定、土壤保持、涵养水源)之间,不同调节服务之间相关性。(3)关天经济区生态系统服务之间权衡关系与协同关系分析。通过生产可能性边界进行关系分析。(4)生态系统服务最优配置。通过情景模拟简单分析了生产可能性边界的应用问题。通过研究得到以下结果：(1)生态系统服务之间相关性。从关天经济区整体分析,2000年、2005年、2010年研究区域的粮食生产与涵养水源之间、粮食生产与固碳之间、粮食生产与土壤保持均为负相关关系,显著相关；粮食生产与土壤保持有较小的负相关关系,这是由于土壤保持模型中,坡度越小,土壤侵蚀量小,而在坡度小的地区更适宜种植粮食,因此二者负相关关系较小。固碳、涵养水源、土壤保持三种生态系统服务为两两呈正相关关系,有较大正相关性。不同地类的生态系统服务是不同的。林地和草地的固碳与涵养水源服务功能较大,土壤保持次之,并且时间上林地和草地的固碳、涵养水源、土壤保持呈协同互益关系；耕地中粮食生产和固碳两种生态系统服务较大,土壤保持较小。(2)生态系统服务之间权衡与协同关系。通过不同生态系统服务两两间的生产可能性边界可以得出：碳固定、涵养水源、土壤保持之间存在着协同增长关系。三者之间的生产可能性边界几乎为一条直线,平均斜率一定,说明三者之间协同发展,固碳服务的增加会对涵养水源和土壤保持服务有促进作用,共同改善生态系统；粮食生产与固碳、粮食生产与涵养水源、粮食生产与土壤保持之间存在权衡竞争关系。三种生产可能性边界均为向外“凸”形状,且从曲线左端开始,平均斜率逐渐增大,表明提高调节服务的机会成本越来越大。不同高程下的生产可能性边界有较大差异,不同地貌下的生产可能性边界形状差异不大,但总量差异大。(3)生态系统服务最优配置。在不同情景下,预测固碳与粮食生产、固碳与土壤保持坐标点均在生产可能性边界下方,表明两种情景都有改进的潜力,可以通过增加林地或草地面积,开拓未利用地,退耕还林还草,提高粮食亩产量使土地资源得到最优配置。且保护情景下坐标点更接近生产可能性边界,说明该情景优于计划情景。本文基于生产可能性边界理论分析了关天经济区生态系统服务权衡与协同关系,并通过情景模拟分析了生态系统服务最优配置问题。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, the rapid increase of population, human demand for the material and spiritual growth, and then directly or indirectly to the ecological system and enhance the human interference, resulting in ecosystem function disorder, ecosystem structure is not stable, beyond the ecosystem itself. The carrying capacity of the 24 ecosystems on earth in 15, there is continuing to deteriorate. Therefore the attention and protection of the ecological system is particularly important. The mutual restraint between ecosystem services has the effect of production. In this paper, the possibility of economics based on boundary (also known as Pareto efficiency curve) understanding, research on the relationship between its application in ecosystem services the analysis, between ecosystem services balance the competition and cooperation of mutual relations, and through simulation of optimal allocation analysis, provide a system for ecological development The scientific basis. The research content mainly includes: (1) value of ecosystem services. On 2000 of 2005 and 2010 about economic zone, grain yield, carbon fixation, soil conservation, water conservation four kinds of ecosystem services were estimated. (2) analysis of the whole ecosystem service relevance about economic zone including the supply. Service (food production) and regulation service (carbon fixation, soil conservation, water conservation), the correlation between the different regulation service. (3) analysis of the relationship between the balance between ecosystem services and cooperation about economic zone. Through the analysis of relationship between the production possibility frontier. (4) the optimal allocation of ecosystem services. Through the simple scenario simulation analysis of the application of the production possibility boundary. The results are as follows: (1) the relationship between ecosystem services. From the whole Guanzhong Tianshui Economic Zone on 2000, 2005, 2010 Study on regional food production and water conservation, between grain production and carbon sequestration, maintain grain production and soil were negative correlation, significant correlation; keep negative correlation with smaller grain production and soil, this is because the model in soil, the slope is small, the amount of soil erosion in slope is small, small the area for planting grain, so the two smaller. A negative correlation between carbon sequestration, water conservation, soil conservation three kinds of ecosystem services for the 22 positive correlation between a positive correlation. The ecosystem services of different land types are different. The function of carbon and solid water conservation services of woodland and grassland large the soil conservation, and carbon, fixed time woodland and grassland, water conservation, soil conservation is a cooperative mutual benefit relationship; cultivated land in grain production and carbon sequestration of two ecosystem services large, soil ecological small. (2) The trade-off between system service and collaborative relationship. The production possibility frontier through different ecosystem services between the 22 can be drawn: carbon fixation, water conservation, a cooperative relationship exists between the growth of soil conservation. The production possibility between the three boundary is almost a straight line, the average slope, the coordinated development between three, solid increase the carbon service on water conservation and soil conservation service role, to improve the ecological system; grain production and carbon sequestration, food production and water conservation, there is a tradeoff between competition between grain production and soil conservation. Three kinds of production possibilities are outward convex shape, from the start and end of the curve, the average slope that cost increases gradually, more and more regulation service opportunities. The production possibility boundary under different elevation difference, the production may be at different landforms The boundary shape had little difference, but the total difference. (3) the optimal allocation of ecosystem services. In different scenarios, prediction of carbon sequestration and grain production, carbon sequestration and soil conservation were below the coordinates of the production possibility boundary shows that two scenarios can be improved by increasing the potential of forest or grassland area open up, unused land, returning farmland to forest and grassland, improving grain yield per mu of land optimal allocation of resources. And the protection situation points closer to the production possibility frontier, the situation is better than the planned scenario. The production possibility boundary theory to analyze the ecological system of Guanzhong Tianshui Economic Zone Based on the relationship between service tradeoffs and synergies, and through scenario analysis of optimal ecosystem service configuration problem.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171

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