海上浮油定位浮标的力学分析与尺寸优化

发布时间：2018-03-27 15:32

本文选题：吸油材料　切入点：黏附力　出处：《力学学报》2016年01期

【摘要】：海面发生原油泄漏后,采用海上浮油跟踪定位浮标锁定油污飘逸轨迹,实现对溢油的跟踪定位.定位浮标的定位能力受到浮标内部的吸油材料对原油的吸附能力以及海洋风的影响,吸附能力越强则定位浮标与油污结合越紧密,定位效果越好.首先,从吸油材料受力分析出发,通过室内实验,采用杠杆放大原理对吸油材料受到的风载荷进行测量,并研究风载荷随着吸油圆盘直径的变化趋势,得到了风载荷随着圆盘直径的增大呈线性增大;对吸油材料受到的黏附力随着吸油圆盘直径的变化趋势进行研究,表明黏附力与圆盘直径呈二次方程关系,随着圆盘直径的增大,黏附力会急剧增大.其次,对黏附力的组成进行分析,研究认为黏附力由分子间作用力、液体表面张力及剪切黏性力组成,对这3种作用力的大小进行测量计算对比,发现分子间作用力为主要作用力,液体表面张力及剪切黏性力比分子间作用力低1～2个数量级.最后,基于浮标正常工作时黏附力应该大于风载荷的原则,将实验得到的风载荷和黏附力随着圆盘直径变化规律推广到大风速和大圆盘直径下,研究了恶劣海况条件下圆盘直径变化对浮标受力的影响,得到了适应恶劣海况条件的圆盘最小直径为38 cm.
[Abstract]:The sea oil spill occurred after the sea oil spill tracking buoy locking oil flowing path, to achieve the tracking of oil spill. Positioning positioning buoy by adsorption capacity of absorbing material inside the buoy on the oil and sea wind, the adsorption capacity is strong, and the oil with the positioning buoy more closely, positioning the better. First of all, from the analysis of oil absorbing materials, through the indoor experiment, the wind load on the oil lever amplification principle materials have been measured, and the research on wind load with the change of suction disc diameter trend, the wind load increases linearly with the increase of the diameter of the disk; adhesion of the oil absorbing materials are affected by changes with the trend oil disc diameter is studied, show that the adhesion and the disc diameter is quadratic equation, with the increase of the diameter of the disk, the adhesion will sharply increase. The Time, composition of the adhesion force were analyzed, studies suggest that adhesion by intermolecular forces, composition of liquid surface tension and shear force, measuring and calculating the comparison of these 3 forces, found that intermolecular forces as the main force, surface tension and shear viscous force than intermolecular forces 1~2 orders of magnitude lower finally, based on the adhesion of the buoy work should be greater than the wind load principle, will the wind load and the adhesion with the variation of wind speed and large diameter disc is extended to the large diameter of the disk, the effect of disc harsh sea conditions of stress, the minimum diameter of the bad disk the sea conditions is 38 cm.

【作者单位】：中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院;中国石化工程建设有限公司;
【基金】：中国石油大学(北京)科研基金资助项目(ZX20150191)
【分类号】：X55;P715.2

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