基于安全利用评价的镉超标农用地地类转换模式研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 22:28

本文选题：镉　切入点：农用地　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》由环保部和国土资源部于2014年联合发布,报告显示全国土壤环境污染形势比较严峻。重金属污染严重影响着农用地的健康,尤其是镉污染超标问题,已经危及到我国的稻米安全。本文通过采用理论分析与实证分析相结合以及GIS空间分析等方法,主要研究了镉超标农用地安全利用评价方法以及通过地类转换达到农用地安全利用目标的相关方案。本文以A镇为研究区,以重金属镉为研究对象,利用Arc GIS强大的空间分析功能,展开实证研究,取得了以下研究成果:(1)以众多理论为基础,本文界定了重金属超标农用地安全利用评价的相关概念和内涵,探讨了重金属超标农用地安全利用评价指标标准值确定的方法。(2)本文通过采用反距离加权法对p H值和镉含量进行插值,分析了A镇p H值和镉在全镇内的空间分布状况,发现研究区的大部分土壤为中性和酸性,小部分碱性土壤分布在城镇周围。A镇大部分区域处于无污染的状态,Cd污染属于局部性质,主要集中分布在城镇区东、西、南三侧。在空间分布规律上,p H与Cd具有很强的正相关关系。(3)以《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—2008)二级标准为依据,利用单因子指数评价法,分地类进行了安全利用评价,分析了重金属镉的污染程度与空间分布。旱地、水田、菜地利用方式下大部分区域没有污染,镉污染比较明显的区域主要分布在城镇周围。根据相同p H值下不同地类对重金属镉的安全利用标准不同,本文分情况进行了地类转换模式可能性及可行性的探讨。(4)提出了重金属超标农用地安全利用的政策及建议。首先,研究确定重金属超标农用地安全利用目标导向机制;其次,完善有限目标修复、阻控污染环境整治的体制机制;再次,为国土部门顺利开展农用地管理工作研究系列标准和规定;最后,注重公众参与,建立政策激励和举报制度。对镉超标农用地进行安全利用评价进而研究通过地类转换的方法来最大限度减少农用地相对污染的程度和面积,对于进行有限修复、降低修复工程的费效比有积极意义,有助于我们通过最经济可行的方式来实现重金属污染农用地的安全利用。
[Abstract]:The "National soil pollution Survey" was jointly issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2014. The report shows that the situation of soil environmental pollution in the whole country is relatively serious. Heavy metal pollution seriously affects the health of agricultural land. In particular, the problem of cadmium pollution exceeding the standard has endangered the safety of rice in China. This paper adopts the methods of combining theoretical analysis with empirical analysis and GIS spatial analysis, etc. This paper mainly studies the evaluation method of cadmium overstandard agricultural land safety utilization and the related scheme to reach the goal of agricultural land safety utilization through land conversion. This paper takes town A as the research area and cadmium heavy metal as the research object. Using the powerful spatial analysis function of Arc GIS, the empirical research is carried out, and the following research results are obtained: 1) based on many theories, this paper defines the related concepts and connotations of the safety evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural land. This paper discusses the method of determining the standard value of safety evaluation index of heavy metal over standard agricultural land.) in this paper, by using inverse distance weighting method to interpolate pH value and cadmium content, the spatial distribution of pH value and cadmium content in town A is analyzed. It was found that most of the soils in the study area were neutral and acidic, and a small part of alkaline soil distributed in the non-polluted state of most areas around town A. CD pollution was localized and mainly distributed in the east and west of urban areas. According to the second grade standard of "soil Environmental quality Standard" (GB15618-2008), the safety utilization evaluation was carried out by using single factor index evaluation method. The pollution degree and spatial distribution of heavy metal cadmium were analyzed. There was no pollution in most areas of dry land, paddy field and vegetable field. The areas where cadmium pollution is obvious are mainly distributed around cities and towns. According to the safe utilization standards of heavy metal cadmium in different land species under the same pH value, In this paper, the possibility and feasibility of land conversion model are discussed. 4) the policy and suggestion of safe utilization of heavy metals over standard agricultural land are put forward. Firstly, the target guiding mechanism of heavy metals over standard agricultural land is studied; secondly, the target guiding mechanism of safety utilization of heavy metals over standard agricultural land is studied. Improve the institutional mechanism for the restoration of limited objectives and control pollution of the environment; thirdly, research a series of standards and regulations for the smooth development of agricultural land management for the land sector; finally, pay attention to public participation, Establish policy incentive and reporting system, evaluate the safe utilization of agricultural land with cadmium exceeding standard, and study the method of land conversion to minimize the relative pollution degree and area of agricultural land, and carry out limited remediation. Reducing the cost-efficiency ratio of restoration works is of positive significance, which is helpful for us to realize the safe utilization of agricultural land contaminated by heavy metals in the most economical and feasible way.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53

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