近30年南京市城市热环境空间格局变化与下垫面关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 06:16

本文选题：城市热环境　切入点：下垫面　出处：《南京信息工程大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,由于全球变暖和城市化进程加快,城市热效应不断加剧,对城市空气质量、和公共健康等有深远影响,严重威胁城市可持续发展。城市热环境作为影响城市生态环境质量的重要因素,已成为城市气候和区域气候研究中的热点问题。本研究利用长时间序列的遥感数据,基于RS与GIS技术,分析南京市20多年来城市热环境的空间格局及变化趋势,并结合土地利用数据及遥感反演得到的下垫面参数,分析城市热环境与土地利用类型与下垫面参数的相关关系；在2002年与2010年反演的地表温度的基础上,应用CA-Markov模型模拟得到2018年的南京市地表温度；最后针对目前南京存在的城市热环境问题,提出了规划应对建议。主要结论包括：1988年至2010年南京城市热岛效应逐年增加,城市中的江体、主要湖泊与大型山体的地表温度并没有随着时间的变化而发生较大的改变。从空间分析上来看,南京市高温区的扩张方向,在江北地区主要是东北西南方向,依靠长江沿岸从浦口区向六合区一线向周边扩张。江南地区的扩张方向主要分为三个方面,一是以紫金山-玄武湖为中心向东扩张,二是沿着长江沿岸向西南方向扩张,三是以江宁的东山镇和新秦淮河江宁段向四周扩张。在对热岛强度进行的十一级分级中,各类土地利用类型只有建设用地有着较为明显的变化趋势,热岛强度较高地区,建设用地所占面积越来越高。表征城市地表的NDISI指数与地表温度在一定程度上呈正相关关系,表征水体的MNDWI与地表温度在一定程度上呈负相关关系,表征植被的NDVI与地表温度在一定程度上呈负相关关系,进一步将城市中地物类型划分为交通用地、居住地与工业用地,通过定量分析发现三种类型中NDISI每增加相同的值,升温幅度均为工业用地居住地交通用地。将水体进一步划分为河渠、湖泊与水库,通过定量分析发现三种类型中的MNDWI每增加相同的值,降温幅度四年均为河渠湖泊水库；将植被区域进一步划分为林地、草地与耕地,通过定量分析发现三种类型中的MNDWI每增加相同的值,降温幅度四年均为林地最高,草地与耕地因年份不同降温幅度并没有呈现很好的规律性。利用CA-Markov对城市热环境进行模拟预测发现,长江以南地区扩张方向主要是沿着长江沿岸向东西扩张和环着紫金山向四周扩张,长江以北地区主要是六合区和浦口区从东北至西南方向连成一片,与2002年与2010对比分析来看,2010至2018年增长趋势明显变缓,可见未来城市热岛效应应有逐渐放缓和改善的趋势。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the acceleration of the process of global warming and urbanization, the urban heat effect is becoming more and more serious, which has a far-reaching impact on urban air quality and public health, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of cities.As an important factor affecting the quality of urban ecological environment, urban thermal environment has become a hot issue in the study of urban climate and regional climate.Based on RS and GIS technology, the spatial pattern and changing trend of urban thermal environment in Nanjing in the past 20 years are analyzed by using remote sensing data of long time series, and the underlying surface parameters obtained from land use data and remote sensing inversion are combined.The correlation between urban thermal environment and land use type and underlying surface parameters is analyzed, and based on the inversion of surface temperature in 2002 and 2010, the CA-Markov model is used to simulate the surface temperature of Nanjing in 2018.Finally, some suggestions are put forward to solve the problem of urban thermal environment in Nanjing.The main conclusions are as follows: from 1988 to 2010, the urban heat island effect in Nanjing increased year by year, and the surface temperature of the river body, the main lake and the large mountain body in the city did not change greatly with the change of time.From the spatial analysis, the expansion direction of high temperature area in Nanjing is mainly northeast southwest direction in the north of the Yangtze River, relying on the Yangtze River coast from Pukou district to Liuhe district to expand to the periphery.The expansion direction of Jiangnan area is mainly divided into three aspects, one is to expand eastward with Zijinshan-Xuanwu Lake as the center, the other is to expand southwestward along the Yangtze River coast, and the third is to expand around the Dongshan Town of Jiangning and the Jiangning section of New Qinhuai River.In the eleventh grade classification of the intensity of the heat island, only the construction land has a more obvious change trend, and the area occupied by the construction land is more and more high in the high intensity area of the heat island.There was a positive correlation between NDISI index and surface temperature, a negative correlation between MNDWI and surface temperature, and a negative correlation between NDVI and surface temperature.Furthermore, the types of urban features are divided into traffic land, residential area and industrial land. Through quantitative analysis, it is found that each increase of NDISI in the three types is the same value, and the warming range is the traffic land of industrial land.The water body is further divided into river channels, lakes and reservoirs. Through quantitative analysis, it is found that the MNDWI of the three types increases by the same value, and the cooling range for four years is the channel, lake and reservoir, and the vegetation area is further divided into woodland, grassland and cultivated land.Through quantitative analysis, it was found that for each increase of MNDWI in the three types, the decrease rate of MNDWI was the highest in four years, and the different cooling ranges of grassland and cultivated land did not show good regularity.By using CA-Markov to simulate and predict the urban thermal environment, it is found that the south of the Yangtze River extends mainly along the Yangtze River coast to the east and west and around the Zijinshan Mountains.The north of the Yangtze River is mainly located in Luhe District and Pukou District from northeast to southwest. Compared with 2002 and 2010, the growth trend of Luhe District and Pukou District has slowed obviously from 2010 to 2018. It is obvious that the urban heat island effect should be gradually slowed down and improved in the future.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P461;X16

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