政府治理跨界水污染模式研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 19:17

本文选题：跨界水污染　切入点：描述模式　出处：《东华大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，我国经济建设取得了前所未有的成就，成为世界第二大经济体；但是伴随着经济发展，我们的生态环境出现了巨大的危机，其中以水污染最为严重。据统计，我国的十大流域一半以上都受到了严重的污染，直接影响到流域内几亿人口的生存问题，并且由水污染所引发的群体性事件密集爆发，成为国家和全社会群众普遍关注的重大问题。与非跨界水污染相比，跨界水污染事件普遍存在着影响范围广、污染强度大、社会影响严重和治理复杂等特征。跨界水污染的这些特征给我们政府的治理带来了严重的挑战。本文针对我国跨界水污染治理方面存在的问题，在对国内外跨界水污染治理成功经验与研究成果的基础上，以我国跨界流域为研究对象，从政府治理角度出发，开展跨界水污染治理模式研究。本文研究的主要内容分为如下几个部分：第一部分：对跨界水污染治理模式的相关概念与具体运用到的基本原理进行解释说明。第二部分：收集近年我国流域水污染的数据与重大流域水污染事件，分析出我国跨界水污染的现状，提出政府治理的重要性；并且根据我国流域水污染的现状总结出我国跨界水污染的主要特征，包括跨界性、社会性、复杂性和非畅流性。第三部分：参考国内外跨界水污染治理的成功经验与研究成果，结合我国跨界水污染的现状，提出了区域政府“理性人”、流域各行政管辖区具有自主决策的资格、污染效果间接不累积、污染排放可人为调控和污染物的环境损害成本远大于消减成本等六个基本假设，从宏观上构建了我国跨界水污染描述模型和跨界水污染治理模型。第四部分：通过我国行政分割性的现状分析出我国目前的跨界水污染治理模式——碎片化治理模式；结合水污染描述模型分析碎片化治理模型在解决我国跨界流域水污染问题中存在的诸多困境，包括：缺乏主体协作治理意识、主管部门设置不合理、治理主体缺位或失位、缺乏激励约束机制和缺乏利益协调机制。第五部分：为打破现行治理模式的局限性，必须寻求跨界治理的变革，适时提出了跨界水污染合作协调治理模式，总结了构建合作协调治理模式的几点建议：完善法律法规、落实流域管理机构的主体地位、完善流域治理的动力激励机制、构建信息沟通反馈机制、完善监督约束机制和完善利益协调机制。第六部分：通过对淮河流域的案例分析，，拟探讨出淮河流域治理方面的“困境”与“出路”。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economic construction has made unprecedented achievements, becoming the second largest economy in the world, but with the economic development, our ecological environment has emerged a huge crisis, among which water pollution is the most serious.According to statistics, more than half of the ten major watersheds in our country have been seriously polluted, which directly affects the survival of hundreds of millions of people in the river basins, and the mass events caused by water pollution erupt intensively.It has become a major issue of general concern to the state and the whole society.Compared with non-transboundary water pollution, transboundary water pollution events generally have the characteristics of wide range of influence, large pollution intensity, serious social impact and complex treatment.These characteristics of cross-boundary water pollution bring serious challenge to our government.Aiming at the existing problems in the field of transboundary water pollution control in China, based on the successful experience and research results of transboundary water pollution control at home and abroad, this paper takes the transboundary river basin in China as the research object and proceeds from the angle of government management.To carry out research on the model of transboundary water pollution control.The main contents of this paper are as follows:The first part explains the related concepts and basic principles of transboundary water pollution control model.The second part: collect the water pollution data and major watershed water pollution events in recent years, analyze the current situation of transboundary water pollution in China, and put forward the importance of government management;According to the present situation of river basin water pollution in China, the main characteristics of transboundary water pollution in China are summarized, including transborder, sociality, complexity and non-smooth flow.The third part: referring to the successful experience and research results of transboundary water pollution control at home and abroad, combining with the present situation of transboundary water pollution in China, the paper puts forward that the regional government "rational person", each administrative district of river basin has the independent decision-making qualification.There are six basic hypotheses that the pollution effect is not accumulated indirectly, the pollution discharge can be controlled artificially and the cost of environmental damage of pollutants is much higher than that of reducing cost. The description model of transboundary water pollution and the control model of transboundary water pollution in China are built from the macroscopic view.The fourth part: through the analysis of the current situation of administrative division in China, the paper analyzes the current mode of transboundary water pollution control in China-fragmentation treatment model;Based on the water pollution description model, this paper analyzes many difficulties in solving the water pollution problem of transboundary river basin in China, including: lack of consciousness of subject coordination, unreasonable setting of competent department, absence or loss of main body of governance, etc.Lack of incentive and restraint mechanism and lack of interest coordination mechanism.The fifth part: in order to break the limitation of the current governance mode, we must seek for the transformation of the cross-border governance, put forward the coordinated and cooperative management mode of transboundary water pollution timely, summarize the several suggestions of constructing the cooperative and coordinated management mode: perfect the laws and regulations,The main body status of watershed management organization should be realized, the dynamic incentive mechanism of watershed management should be perfected, the information communication and feedback mechanism should be constructed, the supervision and restriction mechanism and the interest coordination mechanism should be perfected.The sixth part: through the case analysis of Huaihe River Basin, this paper discusses the "predicament" and "way out" in Huaihe River Basin management.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630;X52

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