小麦秸秆焚烧对土壤环境的影响

发布时间：2018-04-01 16:15

本文选题：秸秆焚烧　切入点：物理性质　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：焚烧作物秸秆是常见的处理农业废弃物,减少病虫害和增加土壤养分的方法。但秸秆焚烧污染大气,妨碍农业健康发展。前人对秸秆焚烧造成大气污染已研究颇多,而对土壤环境所受影响的探究较少。本文通过田间小区定位试验,设置不焚烧(CK)、减量焚烧(A1)、全量焚烧(A2)、增量焚烧(A3)4个处理,选取焚烧不同小麦秸秆量的耕层土壤为研究对象,探究小麦秸秆焚烧对耕层土壤理化及生物性质的即时效应和各指标在玉米生育期内的变化情况。主要结论有:(1)0-5 cm表层土壤在秸秆焚烧1 d后,土壤环境各指标变化显著。土壤物理性质方面:含水量出现降低,土壤pH出现未达显著水平的升高,土壤容重的变化不显著。土壤化学性质方面:土壤有机质含量表现出降低的趋势;土壤全效和速效养分含量大多呈现出增加的趋势,其中速效养分含量增加幅度更大。土壤生物学性质方面:土壤微生物(真菌、细菌、放线菌)的数量和土壤酶(蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶)的活性出现了不同程度的降低。由此可见,小麦秸秆焚烧对表层土壤(0-5cm)环境有显著的即时效应。(2)秸秆焚烧后1d,土壤环境中各研究指标变化的现象主要集中在0-5cm土层范围内,在5cm以下土层中速效养分的含量水平和微生物数量及土壤酶活性虽然也有所变化,但变化幅度不显著。(3)通过显著性分析发现,秸秆焚烧量与土壤含水量和微生物活性间呈显著的负相关关系,秸秆焚烧量与多数速效和全效养分含量间呈显著的正相关关系。(4)经过玉米生育期,和焚烧后1d相比,土壤中因秸秆焚烧而变化的各指标含量(数量)水平与对照处理间表现出不同的差异水平。土壤有机质含量和土壤酶(蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶)活性出现了小幅度的恢复;微生物(真菌、细菌和放线菌)数量恢复到正常水平;多数速效、全效养分含量与对照处理间的差异变化幅度不大。
[Abstract]:Crop straw burning is a common way to treat agricultural waste, reduce diseases and insect pests and increase soil nutrients. However, straw burning pollutes the atmosphere and hinders the healthy development of agriculture. In this paper, four treatments, no incineration of CK, reduction of incineration, incineration of A2 +, incremental incineration of A3) were carried out, and the topsoil with different amount of wheat straw incinerated was selected as the research object. To investigate the immediate effect of wheat straw burning on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the topsoil and the changes of the indexes during the maize growth period, the main conclusions were as follows: 1: 1 0 ~ 5 cm surface soil after straw burning for 1 day. In terms of soil physical properties, the soil water content decreased, the soil pH did not reach the significant level. Soil chemical properties: the content of soil organic matter showed a decreasing trend, and the content of soil total efficiency and available nutrients showed an increasing trend. Soil biological properties: the number of soil microbes (fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes) and soil enzymes (invertase, urease, catalase), The activity of phosphatase decreased in varying degrees. Wheat straw burning had a significant immediate effect on surface soil (0 ~ 5 cm) environment. (2) 1 day after straw burning, the change of research indexes in soil environment was mainly concentrated in the 0-5cm soil layer. In the soil layer below 5cm, the content of available nutrients, the amount of microorganism and the activity of soil enzyme also changed, but the range of change was not significant. There was a significant negative correlation between straw incineration amount and soil moisture content and microbial activity, and a significant positive correlation between straw incineration amount and most available and total available nutrients. The content of soil organic matter and soil enzymes (sucrase, urease, catalase, catalase, urease, catalase) in the soil were different from those in the control. The activity of phosphatase recovered to a small extent, the number of microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes) returned to the normal level, and most of the available, the difference between the total effective nutrient content and the control treatment was not significant.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X712;S151.9

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