基于碳排放的成都市土地可持续利用评价

发布时间：2018-04-03 12:05

本文选题：土地利用　切入点：碳排放　出处：《成都理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地作为最基础的自然资源,承载着人类一切日常生活和生产活动,近年来,土地利用方式的转变导致环境问题日益突出,全球气候变化、土壤污染等问题日益加剧,对人类的生活造成了极大的困扰。为了促进社会发展与环境保护相互协调,土地利用格局需要合理布置,而土地的可持续利用是土地最合理的利用方式,也是人类生存的首要条件,因此土地的可持续利用程度越高,表明土地利用安排更合理。研究土地利用的碳排放效应,可以得知土地利用方式对大气环境的影响,而基于碳排放估算的基础上进行土地可持续利用评价可以得知土地的可持续利用水平,对于改善土地利用现状、促使土地合理化布局具有重要的指导意义。本文在分析国内外学者对土地利用碳排放和土地可持续利用评价研究的基础上,选取成都市的土地利用作为研究对象。分析了成都市土地利用特点、变化特征以及所面临的问题;参照学者对各种土地利用类型的碳排放系数的研究确定本文选取地类的碳排放系数,并利用系数估算法得到了成都市2000-2013年间各用地类型的碳排放效益及净碳排放量的变化趋势;结合成都市土地利用的实际情况,选取土地可持续利用评价相关指标,建立评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定各指标权重,并借鉴熵值法对权重进行优化组合的到综合权重值,然后将各指标的原始数据值进行规范化,最后运用线性加权的方法计算得出成都市2000-2013年土地可持续利用水平。以数据为依托,分别对碳排放效应、可持续准则层评价结果进行了分析,并基于分析提出了针对成都市土地利用现状的优化建议。研究表明:成都市土地利用现状以农用地为主,建设用地比例较大,土地利用率高,后备资源不足,人均土地资源贫乏。成都市碳排放量主要来自于建设用地,林地和园地是主要的碳汇,耕地同时具有碳源和碳汇的作用,牧草地由于面积较小,碳汇作用较弱。2000-2013年间,耕地碳排放呈现下降的趋势,建设用地的碳排放量快速增加,主要来源于能源消耗,林地和园地的碳吸收量均先增加后减少,与各自的面积变化趋势相同。土地利用结构的改变,导致了净碳排放量逐年增加,以2009年前显得尤为突出。2009年后随着环境保护意识加强,土地利用结构相对合理,净碳排放量的增长速率有所降低。相对碳源效应而言,土地生态系统自身的碳汇功能微乎其微,因此改善环境、实现可持续发展的途径主要依赖于节能减排。同时成都市的地均碳排放和人均碳排放均逐年增大,但受能源结构优化调整的影响,单位GDP的碳强度在逐年减少。可持续利用分项评价结果显示,保护性指标呈波动上升的趋势,处于临界可持续和基本可持续状态;稳定性指标波动较大;生产性指标的可持续程度先下降后上升;成都市经济发展较快,经济活力指标评价值呈线性增长;接受性指标的状态较稳定,先下降后上升。2000-2013年间,成都市土地利用可持续水平先降低后增加,由基本可持续状态转变为临界可持续状态,再逐渐转变为基本可持续状态,说明成都市在经济快速发展的过程中,最初忽略了环境保护和土地资源的保护,近几年强化了土地的可持续利用,状态逐渐好转。但成都市土地可持续利用分项指标中,土地的稳定性指标在下降,经济指标持续上升,虽然局势得到一定控制,但有待进一步调整用地结构,保证土地利用的稳定性。
[Abstract]:The land is the most basic natural resources, carrying all human daily life and production activities, in recent years, the land use change leads to environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, global climate change, soil pollution and other problems become more and more serious, caused great distress to human life. In order to promote social development and environmental protection coordination, land the pattern needs a reasonable layout and sustainable land use is the most reasonable way of land use, is the primary condition of human survival, so the higher the degree of sustainable utilization of land, that land use arrangement more reasonable. The study of carbon emission effect of land use, the effects of land use on the atmospheric environment, the level of sustainable based on the use of carbon emissions estimation on sustainable land use evaluation that land, to improve the land use status, promote The land has an important guiding significance to the rational layout. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scholars on the basis of land use and carbon emissions evaluation of sustainable land use, land use in Chengdu city were selected as the research object. This paper analyzes the characteristics of land use in Chengdu City, characteristics and problems of reference to determine the carbon emission coefficient; this paper takes the research of various land use types of carbon emission coefficient, and obtained the changing trend of the type of carbon emission efficiency and net carbon emissions by 2000-2013 from the Chengdu city using coefficient estimation method; combined with the actual situation of Chengdu city land use, sustainable land use evaluation index selection. The establishment of evaluation index system, using AHP to determine the weight of each index, and using entropy method to optimize the combination of comprehensive weight values of the weights, then the The original data index values were standardized, finally calculated 2000-2013 years in Chengdu City, the level of sustainable land use by using linear weighted method. Based on data, respectively on the effects of carbon emissions, sustainable criteria evaluation results are analyzed, and based on the analysis put forward suggestions to optimize the land use status in Chengdu City. The results show that: mainly agricultural land land use status of Chengdu City, a large proportion of construction land, land utilization, resources shortage, land resources per capita is poor. Chengdu City carbon emissions mainly from the construction land, woodland and garden land is the main carbon sink, with carbon sources and sinks of pasture, because the area a smaller, weaker carbon sink during.2000-2013, the cultivated land carbon emissions showed a downward trend, the rapid increase in carbon emissions in the construction, mainly from the energy consumption, and woodland The garden of carbon uptake was increased first and then decreased, with the same area of the respective trend. The change of land use structure, resulted in a net carbon emissions increased year by year, in 2009 is particularly prominent after.2009 years with the strengthening of environmental protection consciousness, the land use structure is relatively reasonable, the net carbon emissions growth rate decreased. Relative effect of carbon sources, carbon sequestration very little land ecosystem itself, thus improving the environment, sustainable development mainly depends on energy saving and emission reduction. At the same time in Chengdu city are carbon emissions and per capita carbon emissions are increasing year by year, but by the impact of the adjustment of energy structure optimization, the reduction in carbon intensity per unit of GDP year by year. The sustainable use of partial evaluation results showed that the protective index fluctuated upward trend, in the critical state of sustainable and sustainable basic stability index; fluctuation; students Sustainable production levels index decreased first and then increased; Chengdu rapid economic development, the economic activity index showed a linear growth; acceptance index of a stable state, first decreased and then increased during.2000-2013, the level of sustainable land use in Chengdu City firstly decreased and then increased, change from the basic state of sustainable development is the critical state of sustainable development, and then gradually change the basic sustainable state, Chengdu city in the process of rapid economic development, initially ignored the protect the environment protection and land resources, in recent years to strengthen the sustainable use of land, the state gradually improved. But the sustainable land utilization of Chengdu sub indexes, the stability index of land in the fall, the economic indicators continued to rise although the situation, get some control, but needs further adjustment of land use structure, guarantee the stability of land use.

【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2;X821

【参考文献】