西安市耕层土壤有效微量元素丰缺评价及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 23:22

本文选题：有效微量元素　切入点：评价　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：微量元素对于人、动物、植物都有着非常重要的作用。一百多年以来,国内外对微量元素的研究不断发展。一方面,从生物学角度来解释微量元素对动、植物营养生长以及人体健康影响的机理作用,从生理生化的基础研究中寻求突破,不断进步;另一方面,从宏观尺度,从地球化学、地质的角度对微量元素的时空分布特征进行研究。为了方便指导农业生产,众多研究者将研究重点放在了制定科学合理的微量元素丰缺指标体系。我们利用从陕西省西安市2007-2011测土配方施肥工作中所得到数据,从不同的角度对西安市耕层土壤的有效微量元素进行了分析。以期能为以后制定西安市土壤微量元素丰缺指标体系提供参考,打下良好的基础。研究结果表明:(1)参考全国农业系统土壤速效微量元素丰缺指标(1985)对西安市耕层土壤有效微量元素含量丰缺情况进行了评价,西安市土壤有效铁含量处于中等偏高水平,有效锰含量处于中等偏低水平,有效铜含量、有效锌含量丰富,水溶态硼含量处于中等偏高的水平。与80年代相比,西安市土壤的有机质、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌、有效硼含量均有不同程度的提高。其中,有效锌含量提高最为明显,平均含量是80年代的4.1倍。(2)不同类型土壤有效态微量元素含量差异明显,在西安市17个具有代表性的亚类土壤中,潜育水稻土有效铁含量均值最高,达到25.468mg/kg。为极丰富水平,这是因为水稻土长期淹水缺氧,促进了铁的还原,增加了铁的有效性;灌淤土的有效铁含量均值最低,仅为3.021 mg/kg,这和灌淤土的高pH值密切相关。典型红粘土、石灰性紫色土的有效锰平均含量较高,达到了丰富水平,这可能与它们的成土母质有很大关系。淋溶褐土的有效锰平均含量最低,为6.227mg/kg,这和其淋溶作用较强有关。整体来看,西安市不同亚类土壤存在着不同程度的缺锰现象。黄绵土的有效铜平均含量最高,达到2.612 mg/kg;淋溶褐土的有效铜平均含量最低,为0.690 mg/kg。X土的有效锌平均含量最高,达到了4.018 mg/kg;白浆化棕壤的有效锌平均含量最低,为1.102 mg/kg,整体来看,所有亚类土壤的有效锌平均含量都在丰富水平以上。(3)7个质地土壤有效微量元素含量差异显著,砂质土壤的有效铁、有效铜、有效锌含量较高,而粘质土的有效锰含量较高。(4)以未央区土壤为例,同一地区不同植物土壤有效态微量元素的的含量差异不是特别明显。植物对土壤有效微量元素的影响可能小于其他因素。(5)pH与有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌的相关系数分别为-0.561、-0.358、-0.133、-0.299,呈现出极显著的负相关性。有机质与有效铁、有效铜呈极显著的负相关性,但相关系数较低;与有效锰呈极显著的正相关性,相关系数同样较低;与有效锌没有表现出显著的相关性。(6)西安市不同地区土壤有效微量元素含量差异显著。有效铁:长安区户县蓝田县未央区阎良区灞桥区临潼区高陵县;有效锰:灞桥区户县阎良区长安区蓝田县未央区高陵县临潼区;有效铜:未央区灞桥区阎良区户县高陵县长安区蓝田县临潼区;有效锌:阎良区灞桥区户县未央区临潼区高陵县长安区蓝田县。(7)西安市土壤有效态微量元素分布存在一定的地带性,有效铁含量呈现出由西向东,由南向北都先减后增的明显趋势;有效锰、有效铜的变化趋势较为平缓;西安市东北地区的土壤有效锌含量较其他地区高很多。
[Abstract]:Trace elements for human, animal, plants have a very important role. In more than 100 years, the domestic and foreign research on trace elements in the development. On the one hand, from a biological point of view to explain the dynamic mechanism of trace elements, plant growth and human health effects, from the basic physiological and biochemical research in seeking a breakthrough. Progress; on the other hand, from the macro scale, from geochemistry, the spatial-temporal distribution of trace elements in the geological perspective. In order to facilitate the guidance of agricultural production, many researchers focus on the study of trace elements to establish scientific and reasonable index system. We use from Shaanxi City in Xi'an province 2007-2011 test data the soil fertilizer work, analyzed the effective trace elements of soil in Xi'an city from different angles. In order to develop Xi'an city soil trace element Element abundance index system for reference, and lay a good foundation. The results show that: (1) the national agricultural system of soil available trace elements abundance index (1985) of the effective content of trace elements in Xi'an city of soil abundance were evaluated, the contents of effective iron in soil of Xi'an city in the medium to high level, effective manganese the content in the medium low level, effective copper content, effective zinc content of water soluble boron content in the middle high level. Compared with 80s, organic matter, Xi'an city soil available Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn efficient, effective boron content had different degrees of improvement. Among them, the content of available Zn the most significant increase, the average content is 4.1 times that of 80s. (2) difference of available trace elements in soil of different types, in the city of Xi'an, 17 representative types of soil in gleyed paddy soils are the effective iron content The highest value reached 25.468mg/kg., is very rich, this is because the long-term flooded paddy soil anoxia, promote iron reduction, increase the availability of iron; irrigation silted soil effective iron content the lowest, only 3.021 mg/kg, and the irrigation silted soil of high pH value are closely related. The typical red clay, average the content of Mn in calcareous purple soil was higher, reached the rich level, which may have a great relationship with soil parent material. Their average contents of available manganese leaching cinnamon soil was 6.227mg/kg, the lowest, and its strong eluviation. Overall, Xi'an City, different types of soil are manganese deficiency phenomenon in different degree the average Loessial soil available copper content in the highest, reaching 2.612 mg/kg; the average cinnamon soil available copper content is the lowest, average zinc content of 0.690 mg/kg.X soil is the highest, reached 4.018 mg/kg; the average content of available zinc in Albic Soil The lowest is 1.102 mg/kg, overall, the average zinc content of all types of soil are rich in the level above. (3) the difference of 7 soil available trace elements content significantly, effective iron, sandy soil available Cu, Zn and Mn content is higher, the higher content of clay (4). In Weiyang District Soil as an example, the difference of the content of available trace elements in different plant soil of the same area is not obvious. Effect of plant on soil available trace elements may be less than other factors. (5) pH and Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and the correlation coefficients were -0.561, -0.358, -0.133 -0.299, showed a significant negative correlation. The organic matter and available iron, a negative significant correlation between available Cu, but the correlation coefficient is low; a significant positive correlation with Mn, the correlation coefficient was low; and Zn showed no significant The correlation (6). The difference in different areas in Xi'an, the soil available microelement contents significantly. Fe: Gaoling County Lintong District Baqiao District Yanliang District Changan District Huxian Lantian County Weiyang District; Lintong District of Baqiao Changan District, Mn: Huxian District Yanliang District Lantian County Weiyang District of Gaoling County; Huxian Yanliang copper: effective area of Baqiao District of Gaoling Changan District County, Lantian County, Lintong District, Weiyang District; Yanliang District of Lintong Huxian zinc zone Baqiao Weiyang District of Gaoling Changan District County Lantian County Xi'an city. (7) soil available trace elements distribution of zonality, effective iron content shows from west to East, from the south to the north are the first to significantly reduce trend after increase the change trend; available manganese, available copper is gentle; soil available zinc content in the northeast area of Xi'an city is much higher than other regions.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X825

【参考文献】