铀对土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-04-09 21:27

本文选题：环境学　切入点：铀　出处：《安全与环境学报》2016年06期

【摘要】：通过温室盆栽试验研究了铀(U)对土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响,评价了U的环境效应。结果表明,在试验设置的质量比范围内,U对真菌、细菌种群生长均有显著促进作用,对放线菌"低促高抑",但变幅不大,且均未达显著水平(p0.05)。土壤微生物中的细菌、真菌对U污染较为敏感,而放线菌对U污染不敏感。U对不同土壤酶的影响差异较大,对脲酶、酸性磷酸酶表现为抑制效应,对过氧化物酶则表现为促进效应,对脱氢酶表现为低质量比下的促进效应和高质量比下的抑制效应,对蔗糖酶的影响仅在50 mg/kg时达到显著水平(p0.05)。脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶、脱氢酶对U污染较敏感,而蔗糖酶不敏感。细菌、真菌数量及脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶活性适合作为土壤U污染的生物指标。U显著促进了酸模株高,而对其鲜重无显著影响,酸模根部U的质量比远高于地上部。酸模对U污染有一定的耐受性及U富集能力。
[Abstract]:The effects of U) on soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity were studied by pot experiment in greenhouse, and the environmental effect of U was evaluated.The results showed that in the range of the mass ratio of the experiment, the growth of fungi and the growth of bacterial population were significantly promoted, and the growth of actinomycetes was inhibited by "low promotion and high growth", but the variation was not significant, and none of them reached the significant level (p 0.05).Bacteria and fungi in soil microbes were sensitive to U pollution, while actinomycetes were insensitive to U pollution. U had different effects on different soil enzymes, and urease and acid phosphatase had inhibitory effect on urease and acid phosphatase.On the other hand, the effect of peroxidase was promoted, the effect of dehydrogenase at low mass ratio and the inhibition effect of high mass ratio were observed. The effect of sucrase on sucrase reached a significant level at 50 mg/kg.Urease, acid phosphatase, peroxidase and dehydrogenase were sensitive to U pollution, but not to sucrase.The number of bacteria, fungi, urease, acid phosphatase and peroxidase activity were suitable as biological indexes of soil U pollution. U significantly promoted the plant height, but had no significant effect on the fresh weight. The mass ratio of U in the root of acid mold was much higher than that in the aboveground.The acid mold has certain tolerance to U pollution and the ability of U enrichment.
【作者单位】：西南科技大学环境与资源学院;生物质材料教育部工程研究中心;西南科技大学核废物与环境安全国防重点学科实验室;西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院;青海大学化工学院;
【基金】：国家核设施退役及放射性废物治理科研重点项目(14zg6103)
【分类号】：X591

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