甲烷浓度时空分布变化与下垫面耦合效应研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 11:10

本文选题：近地表大气甲烷 + 下垫面　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：甲烷是主要的温室气体,其温室效应是CO_2的72倍,从工业革命开始,大气中甲烷的含量升高了一倍以上,因此,讨论因人类活动引起的下垫面变化对甲烷排放的影响对大气温室效应研究、指导节能减排有重要意义。本文以江苏省为研究区,使用SCIAMACHY甲烷浓度产品、GlobeLand30地表覆盖数据、气象栅格数据和DEM数据,分析2003年~2010年江苏省近地表甲烷浓度数据时空分布特征和中尺度大气甲烷浓度其时空分布及变化与下垫面(地表覆盖、气象因素和地形地貌等)的耦合关系。文章对SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS甲烷浓度三级产品原始数据进行非参数检验、插值、数学统计等预处理,分别从月变化、季节变化和年际变化三个时间尺度进行时间维的统计分析,从省、市、高程三个空间尺度进行空间分布分析。其次,从定性和定量两个角度讨论了下垫面覆盖类型和气象因子与近地表甲烷浓度的耦合效应。定性研究方面,分别对省、市的地表覆盖变化与甲烷浓度变化进行对比;定量研究方面,通过0.5°×0.5°(经度×纬度)尺度网格和气象站点缓冲区两种采样方式,以Parman、Kendall的tau_b和Spearman三种相关系数为衡量指标,对甲烷浓度数据和地表覆盖数据的相关关系进行讨论。最后,基于多年统计年鉴数据,对气象因素及人类活动对甲烷分布的影响进行分析。研究结果表明,江苏省近地表甲烷浓度,在时间上具有夏秋高、冬春低、整体随时间波动上升的变化趋势,在空间上具有南北高、沿海低、中部居中的分布特点。对甲烷浓度数据和地表覆盖类型耦合性的定性研究中发现,耕地面积的减少和人造地表的增加与甲烷浓度年均值的增加存在关联;定量研究发现,人造地表和相关性随时间的变化而变化,且相关性在夏秋两季表现较为明显。甲烷浓度与人造地表和耕地在夏季主要表现为正相关,其他季节表现为负相关或相关性微弱;甲烷浓度与水体主要表现为正相关;甲烷浓度与海洋在夏季表现为负相关;甲烷浓度与草地和森林在夏秋两季均表现为负相关,春秋两季相关性减弱。究其原因,是大气甲烷时空变化受到研究区域内降水、温度、土壤湿度、甲烷菌活性、大气OH自由基含量、水稻种植面积、城市生活垃圾和生活用水量、牲畜畜养数量和油气燃料使用量等多种因素的共同影响,甲烷源与汇的相互作用最终形成了江苏省近地表大气甲烷浓度的时空分布特征。除了煤矿、海洋等天然逸散的甲烷源,大部分的甲烷源由甲烷菌的无氧呼吸产生,如水稻田、湿地、垃圾等,而这些甲烷源在夏季更为强烈,因而地表覆盖与近地表甲烷浓度的相关性在夏季更加明显。
[Abstract]:Methane is the main greenhouse gas, and Greenhouse Effect is 72 times higher than CO_2. Since the industrial revolution, the amount of methane in the atmosphere has more than doubled, so,It is important to discuss the effect of the change of underlying surface caused by human activities on methane emission to the study of atmosphere Greenhouse Effect and guide energy saving and emission reduction.In this paper, using SCIAMACHY methane concentration product, Globe Land30, surface cover data, meteorological grid data and DEM data, Jiangsu Province is used as the study area.The spatial and temporal distribution of near surface methane concentration data in Jiangsu Province from 2003 to 2010 and the coupling relationship between temporal and spatial distribution and variation of mesoscale atmospheric methane concentration and underlying surface (surface cover, meteorological factors, topography and geomorphology, etc.) are analyzed.This paper carries on the non-parametric test, interpolation and mathematical statistics to the original data of SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS methane concentration tertiary product, carries on the time dimension statistical analysis from three time scales of the monthly change, the seasonal change and the interannual change, from the province, the city, the city, etc.The spatial distribution of three spatial scales of elevation is analyzed.Secondly, the coupling effects of cover types and meteorological factors on methane concentration near the surface are discussed from both qualitative and quantitative aspects.In qualitative research, the changes of land surface cover and methane concentration in provinces and cities were compared, and in quantitative research, the sampling methods of 0.5 掳脳 0.5 掳(longitude 脳 latitude) scale grid and meteorological station buffer zone were used.The correlation between methane concentration data and surface cover data was discussed based on the tau_b and Spearman correlation coefficients of Parmanthus Kendall.Finally, the effects of meteorological factors and human activities on methane distribution are analyzed based on the statistical yearbook data for many years.The results show that the concentration of methane near the surface of Jiangsu Province has the characteristics of high in summer and autumn, low in winter and spring in time, and increasing with time fluctuation, and the spatial distribution is high in north and south, low in coastal area and middle in middle of Jiangsu Province.In the qualitative study of the coupling between methane concentration data and surface cover type, it was found that the decrease of cultivated land area and the increase of artificial surface were associated with the increase of annual mean methane concentration.Artificial surface and correlation change with time, and the correlation is obvious in summer and autumn.Methane concentration is mainly positively correlated with artificial surface and cultivated land in summer, negatively or weakly in other seasons, and positively correlated with water body in other seasons, and negatively with ocean in summer.Methane concentration was negatively correlated with grassland and forest in summer and autumn, but weakened in spring and autumn.The reason is that the temporal and spatial variation of atmospheric methane is affected by precipitation, temperature, soil humidity, methanobacteria activity, the content of OH free radicals in the atmosphere, rice planting area, municipal solid waste and domestic water consumption.The interaction between methane source and sink resulted in the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric methane concentration near the surface of Jiangsu Province.In addition to natural methane sources such as coal mines and oceans, most of them are produced by anaerobic respiration of methane bacteria, such as rice fields, wetlands, garbage and so on, which are more intense in the summer.Therefore, the correlation between surface cover and near surface methane concentration is more obvious in summer.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X16

【相似文献】