N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮降解菌的筛
发布时间:2018-04-14 12:09
本文选题:N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮 + 分离鉴定 ; 参考:《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文
【摘要】:N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)是一种广泛应用于化工业的原材料,常用来生产均聚物、化妆品、粘合剂、涂料和医药等。在欧美国家,NVP每年需求量达到1万吨以上,是不可缺少的化学工业品。NVP在合成和应用过程中将不可避免的进入到环境中。此外,NVP是一种典型的含氮杂环化合物(NHCs),由于含氮杂环化合物通常具有高毒性、致畸性和致突变性,对环境造成了严重的危害,因此受到越来越多的关注。一般来说,废水中污染物的去除方法包括物理法、化学法和生物法,而生物法费用低廉、运行管理方便、有效快捷、无二次污染、环境友好,所以被广泛应用。本文从活性污泥中分离出一株NVP高效降解菌ZF1,菌株ZF1能利用NVP作为唯一碳源和氮源生长。通过形态观察、生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因鉴定,菌株ZF1被初步鉴定为产脲节杆菌(Arthrobacter ureafaciens)。在LB液体培养基中摇床培养,菌株ZF1的对数期生长期为6~36h;36h之之后菌株ZF1的生长进入稳定期;54h后,菌株生长速度变缓,菌体量开始变少。菌株ZF1在pH 7.0~9.0,温度25~30 ℃范围内生长较好,最佳生长条件为pH7.0,温度30℃,NaCl浓度7.0g/L。另外,装液量越少,菌株ZF1的生长越好,表明较高的溶解氧量有利于菌株ZF1的生长。环境因素如pH、温度、接种量和金属离子等对菌株ZF1降解NVP都有明显的影响。菌株ZF1对NVP的最佳降解条件为温度30 ℃,pH7.0~9.0,接种量为3%。在30℃,pH 7.0及3%接种量时,菌株ZF1能在60 h内将浓度为200 mg/L的NVP完全降解,表明菌株ZF1在含NVP废水的生物处理中具有良好的应用前景。另外,工业废水中存在的常见金属离子Ni~(2+)、2Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Ag~+、Mn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Co~(2+)对ZF1降解NVP都存在不同程度的抑制作用。其中Fe~(3+)几乎没有影响,而Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)和Ag~+对NVP降解的抑制作用都比较强。将菌株ZF1固定到竹炭上,和游离菌相比,固定菌对NVP的降解效果更好。对竹炭固定菌进行3次循环利用,结果NVP的去除时间随循环次数的增加而递减,说明在循环利用中,竹炭固定菌生物降解的作用越来越强,生物降解占主导地位。在3次循环利用中,竹炭固定菌对NVP的降解符合一级动力学模型,一级反应速率常数随NVP浓度的升高而下降。随着循环利用次数的增加,一级反应速率常数也越来越大,进一步说明在循环利用中竹炭固定菌生物降解NVP的作用越来越强。最后,分别把游离菌和竹炭固定菌投加到型号相同的序批式反应器(SBR)中,处理NVP合成废水。SBR分三个阶段运行,不断提高进水NVP负荷,同时降低水力停留时间。结果表明,竹炭固定菌对NVP的去除效果高于游离菌,抗有机负荷和水力冲击负荷能力也高于游离菌。
[Abstract]:N- vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) is a widely used raw material in chemical industry. It is often used to produce homopolymer, cosmetics, binder, paint and medicine.In Europe and America, the annual demand for NVP is more than 10,000 tons, which is an indispensable chemical industrial product. NVP will inevitably enter the environment in the process of synthesis and application.In addition, NVP is a typical nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. Because of its high toxicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity, it has attracted more and more attention.Generally speaking, the removal methods of pollutants in wastewater include physical method, chemical method and biological method, but the biological method is widely used because of its low cost, convenient operation and management, no secondary pollution and friendly environment.In this paper, a NVP degrading strain ZF1 was isolated from activated sludge. Strain ZF1 can grow with NVP as the sole carbon source and nitrogen source.The strain ZF1 was identified as Arthrobacter urea faciensus by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16s rRNA gene identification.In LB liquid medium, the logarithmic growth period of strain ZF1 was 636 h or 36 h. After the growth of strain ZF1 entered the stable period of 54 h, the growth rate of strain became slower and the number of bacteria began to decrease.The strain ZF1 grew well in the range of pH 7.0 and temperature 2530 鈩,
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