西安市城区降雨径流污染特征及负荷估算研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 21:01

本文选题：降雨径流污染 + 特征分析　；参考：《西安科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：通过对西安市城区自然降雨试验及人工模拟降雨试验共计11场次降雨径流过程进行系统的分析研究,总结了西安市城区降雨径流污染物浓度随降雨历时的变化规律、径流污染物浓度分布特征、污染物冲刷特征等降雨径流特征,并对西安市城区年降雨径流污染物负荷量进行了估算。同时研究了人工模拟降雨试验在城市降雨径流污染研究领域的可行性及应用价值。研究结果表明:(1)西安市城区自然降雨径流试验结果显示,降雨径流污染的污染源大多为2mm以下的城市积尘。大雨条件下,交通区主干道的降雨径流污染情况较生活区道路污染严重,生活区旧楼沥青屋面的降雨径流污染情况较生活区新楼水泥屋面污染严重,充分说明社会活动剧烈的路面和沥青材料屋面具有更大的污染潜力,且多数降雨径流污染物浓度值超过国家地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)中V类水质标准,属劣V类水质。(2)由降雨径流污染特征分析结果可以看出,大雨条件下的降雨径流对城市下垫面冲刷剧烈,污染物浓度值变化较快;而场次降雨径流污染物浓度平均值与降雨强度及降雨量之间没有直接关系,同时降雨径流呈现初期冲刷特征。(3)根据西安市城区自然降雨试验数据,对西安市城区降雨径流污染物负荷量进行估算,结果显示西安市城区2013.08~2014.08一年中的降雨径流污染物SS、COD、NH3-N、TN、TP、Cu、Zn的污染负荷量分别为14731.80t、7890.46t、37.76t、910.13t、54.50t、1.04t、5.19t,说明西安市城区自然降雨径流污染情况较为严重。(4)通过人工模拟降雨试验结果可以看出,其特征值较自然降雨试验的代表性差,原因是人工模拟降雨的试验参数确定不够准确。但其场次降雨径流污染物浓度平均值与降雨强度及降雨量之间的关系和污染物初期冲刷特征与自然降雨径流特征相同。(5)从源头控制和迁移途径控制两方面入手,对西安市城区降雨径流污染控制方法进行分析,以提高雨水资源利用率。
[Abstract]:Through the research of urban natural and artificial simulation rainfall experiment in Xi'an city a total of 11 sessions of rainfall runoff process, summed up the changes of the concentration of pollutants in urban runoff in Xi'an city with the rainfall, runoff pollutant concentration distribution, pollutant erosion characteristics of rainfall runoff characteristics, and the annual rainfall in Xi'an city the runoff pollutant load was estimated. At the same time on the feasibility and application of artificial rainfall experiment in city rainfall runoff pollution research value. The results show that: (1) Xi'an city natural rainfall runoff test results show that the pollution of rainfall runoff pollution is mostly below 2mm City dust. The heavy rain conditions. The rainfall runoff pollution is the main road area living area pollution, rainfall runoff pollution situation of living area of old buildings asphalt roofing A living area of new cement roof serious pollution, fully explain the social violent activities of pavement and asphalt roofing materials have more potential pollution, and most of the rainfall runoff pollutant concentration exceeded national surface water quality standard (GB3838-2002) in V water quality standard, belonging to the inferior class V water. (2) by the analysis of rainfall runoff we can see that the rainfall runoff pollution characteristics, heavy rain conditions of city underlying surface erosion is intense, pollutant concentration changes rapidly; and the concentration of the runoff pollutants the average value has no direct relationship with between rainfall intensity and rainfall, and rainfall runoff erosion characteristics at early stage. (3) according to the test data of natural rainfall in Xi'an City, for the estimation of Xi'an City rainfall runoff pollutant load, the results show that 2013.08~2014.08 in the city of Xi'an in the year of rainfall runoff pollutants SS, COD, NH3-N, TN, TP Cu, Zn, pollution load is 14731.80t and 7890.46t respectively, 37.76t, 910.13t, 54.50t, 1.04t, 5.19t, Xi'an city urban rainfall runoff pollution is more serious. (4) through artificial rainfall simulation experiment results show that the eigenvalue is representative of natural rainfall test is poor, the reason is the test parameters the artificial rainfall simulation to determine the accurate enough. But the runoff pollutant concentration and average rainfall intensity and rainfall between the initial relationship and pollutants erosion characteristics and natural rainfall runoff characteristics. (5) two aspects from the source and migration control way to control, to the Xi'an City rainfall runoff pollution control methods are analyzed, in order to improve the utilization of rainwater resources.

【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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