大型真菌富集重金属镉和铅的研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 05:27

本文选题：大型真菌 + 重金属　；参考：《浙江工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来,随着人类工业化进程的加快,大量的重金属随着人类的各种工业活动通过各种途径和形式进入生态环境,产生了严重的重金属环境污染问题。上世纪七十年代以来,一些学者逐渐地发现有很多的大型真菌,尤其是一些生长在重金属污染源附近的大型真菌子实体具有较好的富集重金属的能力。利用大型真菌修复重金属污染相比于一些传统的物理化学方法和绿色植物修复方法具有明显的优势。进行大型真菌富集重金属的研究对重金属污染的生态修复具有重要的现实意义。本文以实验室已有的30种大型真菌菌种为目标,将其接种至含有重金属Pb和Cd的培养基中进行多次驯化,最终筛选出紫芝和平菇菌种,分别用于去除水体中重金属Cd和多环芳烃蒽的研究、袋栽富集Pb和Cd的研究。研究结果显示,紫芝对水溶液中的Cd具有去除作用,对蒽亦具有降解作用,能够同时去除Cd和降解蒽。当培养基中同时含有Cd和蒽时,且二者浓度均为10mg/L时,紫芝对二者的去除率分别为22.66%和22.19%;紫芝对Cd的富集作用与其体内的金属硫蛋白密切相关;紫芝对蒽的降解与菌丝体分泌的漆酶及其活性密切相关,麸皮能够显著促进漆酶酶活。Cd对漆酶及其活性有着显著的抑制作用,并且这种抑制作用远大于麸皮对酶活的促进作用。通过袋栽的方式考察了平菇对重金属Pb和Cd的富集能力。结果表明,Pb和Cd对平菇子实产量有抑制作用,随着培养料中二者浓度的升高,平菇子实体的产量逐渐降低。平菇子实体中的重金属含量随着培养料中的重金属浓度的升高而增加,但平菇子实体对二者的富集系数是随着培养料中的重金属浓度的升高而降低的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the acceleration of the process of human industrialization, a large number of heavy metals have entered the ecological environment through various ways and forms of industrial activities, resulting in serious environmental pollution of heavy metals.Since the 1970s, some scholars have gradually found that there are a lot of macrofungi, especially some macrofungi fruiting bodies near the pollution sources of heavy metals have a good ability to enrich heavy metals.The remediation of heavy metal pollution by macrofungi has obvious advantages over some traditional physical and chemical methods and green plant remediation methods.The study on the accumulation of heavy metals by macrofungi is of great practical significance to the ecological remediation of heavy metal pollution.In this paper, 30 species of macrofungi were inoculated into the medium containing heavy metals Pb and CD for many times, and the strains of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus were screened out.It was used to remove heavy metals CD and PAHanthracene from water, and to enrich Pb and CD in bag culture, respectively.The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum could remove CD from aqueous solution and decompose anthracene, which could remove CD and degrade anthracene at the same time.The removal rates of CD and anthracene were 22.66% and 22.19%, respectively, when the concentration of CD and anthracene were both 10mg/L, the enrichment of CD by Ganoderma lucidum was closely related to metallothionein.The degradation of anthracene by Ganoderma lucidum is closely related to laccase secreted by mycelium and its activity. Bran can significantly promote laccase activity. CD has a significant inhibitory effect on laccase and its activity, and this inhibitory effect is much greater than that of bran on laccase activity.The enrichment ability of Pleurotus ostreatus to heavy metals Pb and CD was investigated by bag culture.The results showed that Pb and CD could inhibit the fruiting yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, and the yield of fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus decreased with the increase of their concentration.The content of heavy metals in fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus increased with the increase of the concentration of heavy metals in culture material, but the enrichment coefficient of both in fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus decreased with the increase of the concentration of heavy metal in culture material.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X172

【相似文献】