槐叶萍对富营养盐的耐受性及其抑藻效应

发布时间：2018-04-17 00:21

本文选题：槐叶萍 + 富营养盐　；参考：《安徽师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：水体富营养化日益严重,蓝藻水华频繁暴发,全球水环境逐渐恶化。利用高等水生植物进行富营养水体治理和有害蓝藻控制逐渐成为国内外环境领域研究的热点。为能寻找到一种既能分泌化感物质进行有效抑藻、又能耐受富营养水体胁迫的高等水生植物,本研究首次比较系统地探讨了浮水植物槐叶萍(Salvinia natans(L.)All.)对富营养盐胁迫的耐受性、对总磷、氨氮的去除作用、对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用以及抑藻机理,并比较研究了共培养条件下不同生物量槐叶萍与不同密度铜绿微囊藻之间的化感互作,并对槐叶萍中的化感物质进行分离与鉴定。取得结果如下:1.槐叶萍对富营养盐耐受性和总磷、氨氮去除作用研究结果表明:槐叶萍对富营养盐具有极强的耐受性,其鲜重增长速度先随着盐溶液浓度的增大而增大,再随着盐浓度的增大而逐渐变小;最佳状态下,增长率可达590.6%。槐叶萍对溶液中的总磷、氨氮具有极强的消除作用,其去除量随着富营养盐浓度的增大而增大;氨氮的去除率在0.5×Hoagland溶液中达到最大为87.06%,而磷的最大去除率在0.25×Hoagland溶液中最高,达77.87%。2.槐叶萍与铜绿微囊藻间的化感互作效应研究结果表明:槐叶萍种殖水对铜绿微囊藻的生长具有抑制作用,种殖水浓度越大,杀藻作用越强,抑制率越大。共培养条件下,不等量槐叶萍对铜绿微囊藻具有不同程度杀伤作用,槐叶萍植株越多,藻细胞的损伤程度越严重;共培养条件下,低密度铜绿微囊藻促进槐叶萍叶子对数、身长的增长、增加了槐叶萍鲜重和叶绿素含量,而高密度铜绿微囊藻则致使槐叶萍生长受阻,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、及总叶绿素含量减少;二者呈低促高抑关系。3.槐叶萍抑藻机理研究结果表明:槐叶萍浸提液能显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,浸提液浓度越大,持续时间越长,藻细胞存活的生物量越少,细胞死亡率越高。这期间,槐叶萍浸提液致使藻液电导率升高,藻液中溶解性核酸和蛋白含量增加;细胞抗氧化酶CAT、POD、SOD活性和胞内外多糖含量均呈先升高后迅速下降趋势。4.槐叶萍中化感物质的分离、鉴定结果表明:通过槐叶萍粗提物抑藻实验可知,其抑藻效应如下:乙酸乙酯粗提物丙酮粗提物乙醇粗提物水粗提物。将抑藻效应较好的乙酸乙酯粗提物和丙酮粗提物经过大孔树脂纯化和气质联用(GC-MS)分析筛选,推测二丙酮醇、异亚丙基丙酮、四氢薰衣草醇、十五醛、14-庚癸烯醛、异丙苯、乙酸丁酯、抗坏血酸二棕榈酸酯、邻苯二甲酸单乙基已基酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、以及邻苯二甲酸丁基十一烷酯可能为槐叶萍中化感抑藻物质。综上所述,由于槐叶萍分布广泛,既能在富营养化水域中良好生长,又对一定密度铜绿微囊藻有极强的抑制效果,因此利用槐叶萍的化感抑藻作用和良好的氮磷去除效应对富营养水体进行治理和藻类水华的预防有着良好的应用前景
[Abstract]:Water eutrophication is becoming more and more serious, cyanobacteria Shui Hua frequent outbreaks, the global water environment gradually deteriorated.Eutrophication of higher aquatic plants and control of harmful cyanobacteria have gradually become the focus of environmental research at home and abroad.In order to find out a kind of higher aquatic plant which can secrete allelochemicals for effective algal inhibition and tolerance to eutrophic water stress, this study first systematically discussed the phytoplankton Salvinia natanslL.All.Tolerance to eutrophic salt stress, removal of total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen, inhibition of microcystis aeruginosa and inhibition mechanism of microcystis aeruginosa.The allelopathic interaction between different biomass of leaf duckweed and different density of microcystis aeruginosa was studied and the allelopathic substances were separated and identified under co-culture conditions.The result is as follows: 1.The results of the study on the tolerance and total phosphorus removal to eutrophication salt and ammonia nitrogen removal showed that the growth rate of fresh weight increased with the increase of the concentration of salt solution, and the growth rate of fresh weight increased with the increase of the concentration of salt solution, and the rate of fresh weight increased with the increase of the concentration of salt solution.With the increase of salt concentration, the growth rate can reach 590.6.The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increased with the increase of the concentration of eutrophication salt, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reached 87.06 in 0. 5 脳 Hoagland solution, and the maximum removal rate of phosphorus in 0. 25 脳 Hoagland solution was 77.87. 2.The results of the study on the allelopathic interaction between P. Sophora and Microcystis aeruginosa showed that the water colonized by P. Sophora had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, and the higher the concentration of water was, the stronger the algicide action was and the greater the inhibition rate of microcystis aeruginosa was.Under co-culture conditions, different amounts of P. Sophora had different degrees of killing effect on microcystis aeruginosa. The more plants, the more serious the damage of algal cells, and the low density microcystis aeruginosa promoted the logarithm of leaves of P. Sophora under co-culture conditions.The increase of body length increased the fresh weight and chlorophyll content, while the high density microcystis aeruginosa inhibited the growth, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, which showed a low growth inhibition relationship.The results showed that the extract could significantly inhibit the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa. The higher the concentration of the extract, the longer the duration, the less the biomass and the higher the cell mortality.During this period, the electric conductivity and soluble nucleic acid and protein contents in the algae solution increased, and the SOD activity and the content of extracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of the cell antioxidant enzyme CATH POD increased first and then decreased rapidly.The results showed that the algal inhibition effect of the crude extract was as follows: ethyl acetate crude extract acetone crude ethanol crude extract water crude extract.The crude extracts of ethyl acetate and acetone, which had good algal inhibition effect, were purified by macroporous resin and analyzed by GC-MS.Dipropyl alcohol, isopropylacetone, tetrahydrolavender, pentadecanoaldehyde 14 heptadecenal, cumene were deduced.Butyl acetate, dipalmitate ascorbate, monoethyl hexyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and Ding Ji undecane phthalate may be the allelopathic suppressants.In conclusion, because of its wide distribution, it can not only grow well in eutrophic waters, but also inhibit microcystis aeruginosa of a certain density.Therefore, the allelopathic inhibition effect and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of P. Sophora have a good prospect in the treatment of eutrophic water and the prevention of algae Shui Hua.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X173

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