氨氧化微生物燃料电池除氨产电性能及机理研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 04:00

本文选题：微生物燃料电池 + 硝化　；参考：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell, MFC)是利用微生物发电的一种技术,可将蕴含于废水中的化学能直接转化为电能,实现同步治污产电。2013年,我国工农业废水和生活污水的氨氮排放量达245.7万吨,对水环境的污染十分严重。研制氨氧化微生物燃料电池,可同时实现废水除氨和生物发电,这不仅符合我国“节能减排”的环保政策,也符合废水脱氮技术的发展趋势。本文创建好氧氨氧化微生物燃料电池(Aerobic ammonia-oxidizing MFC, AAO-MFC)和厌氧氨氧化微生物燃料电池(Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing MFC, ANAMMOX-MFC),深入研究了AAO-MFC和ANAMMOX-MFC的除氨产电性能和工作机理,主要结果如下：1、创建AAO-MFC,以硝化基质、中间产物和最终产物的添加-应答试验,研究了这些物质对AAO-MFC的影响,揭示了AAO-MFC的工作机理。以氨氧化菌富集培养物为菌种,创建AAO-MFC,成功实现了同步除氨产电。试验证明,除硝化基质氨外,中间产物(羟胺、亚硝酸盐)亦可作为燃料产电,低剂量NH2OH和NO2-对AAO-MFC产电呈刺激效应,但高剂量NH2OH和NO2对AAO-MFC产电呈抑制效应；最终产物NO3对AAO-MFC也呈抑制效应。AAO-MFC的工作机制为：先由氨氧化菌将NH4+被氧化成NO2-；再由阳极液中的NO2-与阴极液中的K2MnO4构成化学电池输出电流,换言之,AAO-MFC产电并非只是人们所预期的生物作用,而是生物反应与化学反应的联合作用。2、创建ANAMMOX-MFC,研究了阳极电势对ANAMMOX-MFC的影响,揭示了ANAMMOX-MFC的微生物学机理。以厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养物为菌种,创建ANAMMOX-MFC,成功实现了同步脱氮产电,总氮去除速率为0.913±0.027 kgN m-3d-1,最大输出功率密度为2.54mW/m2。阳极电势不显著影响ANAMMOX-MFC的脱氮性能,但显著影响ANAMMOX的产电性能,上调或下调阳极电势均降低ANAMMOX-MFC的产电能力,且上调阳极电势会加剧阳极表面微生物的死亡,增大MFC内阻。阳极电势显著影响脱氮产电菌群组成,上调或下调阳极电势后, ANAMMOX-MFC中的优势厌氧氨氧化菌由Candidatus Kuenenia和Candidatus Brocadia共居状态转变为Candidatus Kuenenia独居状态。
[Abstract]:Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are technologies that use microbes to generate electricity, which converts the chemical energy contained in wastewater directly into electric energy, enabling simultaneous pollution control and power generation in 2013. Ammonia and nitrogen emissions from industrial and agricultural wastewater and domestic sewage amount to 2.457 million tons, and the pollution of water environment is very serious. The development of ammonia oxidation microbial fuel cell can simultaneously realize ammonia removal from wastewater and biological power generation, which not only accords with the environmental protection policy of "energy saving and emission reduction" in our country, but also accords with the development trend of wastewater denitrification technology. In this paper, Aerobic ammonia-oxidizing MFC (AAO-MFC) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing MFC (ANAMMOX-MFC) were created. The electrical properties and working mechanism of AAO-MFC and ANAMMOX-MFC in ammonia removal were studied. The main results were as follows: 1, AAO-MFC was created as nitrification substrate, The effects of the intermediate and final products on AAO-MFC were studied, and the working mechanism of AAO-MFC was revealed. Amio-MFC was established by using the enriched culture of ammonia oxidizing bacteria as the strain, and the synchronous ammonia production was successfully realized. The results showed that the intermediate products (hydroxylamine, nitrite) could be used as fuel to produce electricity, low dose of NH2OH and no _ 2-could stimulate the production of AAO-MFC, but high dose of NH2OH and NO2 could inhibit the production of AAO-MFC, in addition to nitrifying substrate ammonia, the intermediate product (hydroxylamine, nitrite) could be used as fuel to produce electricity. The mechanism of the final product NO3 is that the NH4 is oxidized to no 2-by ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and then no 2-in the anode solution and K2MnO4 in the cathode solution form the output current of the chemical cell, the mechanism of the final product NO3 is as follows: first, the NH4 is oxidized to no 2-by the ammonia oxidizing bacteria; In other words, the generation of electricity in AAO-MFC is not only the expected biological action, but also the combination of biological reaction and chemical reaction. The ANAMMOX-MFCwas created. The effect of anodic potential on ANAMMOX-MFC was studied, and the microbiological mechanism of ANAMMOX-MFC was revealed. ANAMMOX-MFCwas established with anammox enriched culture as strain. The simultaneous nitrogen removal rate was 0.913 卤0.027 kgN m-3d-1, and the maximum output power density was 2.54mW / m2.The total nitrogen removal rate was 0.913 卤0.027 kgN m ~ (-3) d ~ (-1) and the maximum output power density was 2.54 MW / m ~ (2). The anodic potential had no significant effect on the denitrification performance of ANAMMOX-MFC, but significantly affected the electrical properties of ANAMMOX. The up-regulated or down-regulated anodic potential decreased the ability of ANAMMOX-MFC to produce electricity, and the increase of anode potential would aggravate the death of microorganism on the anode surface and increase the internal resistance of MFC. The anodic potential significantly affected the composition of denitrogen-producing bacteria. When the anodic potential was up-regulated or down-regulated, the dominant anaerobic anammox bacteria in ANAMMOX-MFC changed from Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia to Candidatus Kuenenia alone.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703;TM911.45

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