城市污水处理厂污泥处理与处置技术的经济分析及比选研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 12:35

本文选题：污泥处置 + 经济分析　；参考：《武汉工程大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代化建设的发展和城市化进程的加速,城市污水的排放量与日俱增,同时也带来了污水处理副产品污泥产量的增加,如果污泥处置不当,将对大气、水体、土壤等都造成污染和危害,导致在处理污水的同时制造出新的更为严重的污染。在这一背景之下,面对污泥处置这一世界性的难题,旧的技术不断地革新进步,新的技术也在不断研发和实验之中,众多的污泥处置技术也催生了许多新生污水处理厂的建设,部分旧的污水处理厂也不断改变更新自己的污泥处置方案。决定污泥处置方案选取的重要因素之一,便是经济因素。本论文在对国内外城市污水处理厂污泥的成分和特性、处理与处置技术等相关资料文献查阅的基础上,基于经济、技术、环境等影响因素,分析对比了各种技术的工作原理、适用条件、制约条件、管理要求等。在此基础上,对于目前比较典型的污泥填埋和污泥堆肥技术进行了实地调研,通过工程经济学理论进行了计算,并且辅以DEA模型进行了对比,得出经济分析结论,为污水处理厂污泥处置技术的选取提供了一定的理论基础。最后对目前存在的问题提出了相应的改进建议。所得结论总结如下:(1)堆肥处置调研实例工程结论:①鄂东北某污水处理厂污泥的蚯蚓堆肥处置系统总投资1300万元,其中设备投资362.14万元,建筑工程539.43万元,安装工程81万元,其他费用307.76万元。②污泥含水率为80%时,单位平均总成本为107.07元/m3,单位经营成本为50.51元/m3。③项目税前财务内部收益率为0.87%,税前投资回收期为20.04年。经济效益:本工程建成后每年可生产有机肥料2190吨,可产出商品蚯蚓36吨,按照肥料400元/吨,商品蚯蚓10元/公斤的价格,每年收益可达123.6万元。(2)填埋处置调研实例工程结论:①鄂东北某污水处理厂污泥填埋处置系统总投资5429万元,其中设备投资1381.71万元,建筑工程2067万元,安装工程851.71万元,其他费用999.58万元。②污泥含水率为80%时,单位平均总成本为79.30元/t,单位经营成本为23.54元/t。③项目税前财务内部收益率为0.18%,税前投资回收期为10.93年。经济效益:本工程运营时,可收取垃圾(污泥)处理处置费用80元/t,达到处理场满负荷时年处置费用可达到730万元/a。(3)通过工程经济分析及DEA模型比选,认为适合我国小型规模污水处理厂污泥处置的技术有:污泥堆肥。(4)主要建议:污泥处置是污水处理厂非常重要的一个环节,而且随着污水处理率的提高,整个污水处理系统的进步,污泥处置费用在整个污水处理费用中的比重也越来越大,这一点在国外先进污水处理系统中已经体现了出来。对此提出以下几条建议:①国内污水处理应该更加重视污泥处置环节,对污泥处置投入更多的资金和关注,积极研究污泥处置新技术。②应该对污水处理厂加大环境监管力度,重视污泥处置方面的监管,避免污水处理厂为了减少污水处理费用而对污泥置之不理。③对污泥堆肥化处理后的肥料进行一些宣传,打消买家们对污泥肥料的偏见,打开污泥肥料的销售市场,使得污泥循环利用更加顺畅。
[Abstract]:With the development of modernization and the acceleration of urbanization process, the discharge of urban sewage is increasing with each passing day. At the same time, it also brings the increase of sewage sludge production. If the sludge is not handled properly, it will cause pollution and harm to the atmosphere, water, soil and so on, resulting in the production of new and more serious sewage at the same time. In this context, in the face of this worldwide problem of sludge disposal, the old technology has been constantly innovation and progress, the new technology is also in constant research and development and experiment. A large number of sludge disposal technologies have also led to the construction of many new sewage treatment plants, and some old sewage treatment plants have constantly changed their sludge disposal parties. One of the important factors determining the selection of sludge disposal scheme is economic factor. On the basis of literature review on the composition and characteristics of sewage sludge at home and abroad, treatment and disposal technology and other related documents, based on the factors such as economy, technology and environment, the work principle of various technologies is analyzed and compared. Conditions, constraints, management requirements and so on. On this basis, the current comparative typical sludge landfill and sludge compost technology are investigated in the field. Through the engineering economics theory, the comparison is carried out with the DEA model, and the conclusion of economic analysis is obtained, which provides a certain choice for the selection of sewage treatment plant sludge disposal technology. The conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) the conclusions are as follows: (1) an example project of compost disposal investigation: (1) the total investment of the earthworm composting system of sewage sludge in the northeast of Hubei Province is 13 million yuan, of which the equipment investment is 3 million 621 thousand and 400 yuan, the construction project is 5 million 394 thousand and 300 yuan, and the installation project is 810 thousand. Yuan, other costs 3 million 77 thousand and 600 yuan. When the water content of sludge is 80%, the average total cost per unit is 107.07 yuan /m3, the unit operating cost is 50.51 yuan /m3. (50.51 yuan) and the pre tax financial internal income rate is 0.87%, the pre tax investment recovery period is 20.04 years. Economic benefits: after the completion of the project, the production of organic fertilizer can be 2190 tons each year, and the output of commodity earthworms can be 36 tons. According to the price of 400 yuan per ton of fertilizer and 10 yuan per kilogram of earthworms, the annual income can reach 1 million 236 thousand yuan. (2) an example project of landfill disposal investigation: (1) the total investment of the sludge landfill disposal system in a sewage treatment plant in the northeast of Hubei is 54 million 290 thousand yuan, of which the equipment investment is 13 million 817 thousand and 100 yuan, the construction project is 20 million 670 thousand yuan, the installation project is 8 million 517 thousand and 100 yuan, and the other cost is 999.58. When the water content of sludge is 80%, the average total cost per unit is 79.30 yuan /t, the unit operating cost is 23.54 yuan /t. (0.18%) and the recovery period of pre tax investment is 10.93 years. Economic benefits: the cost of disposal and disposal of waste (sludge) can be collected at 80 yuan /t when this project is operated, reaching the disposal site at full load. The cost can reach 7 million 300 thousand yuan /a. (3) through the engineering economic analysis and the comparison of the DEA model. It is considered that the sludge disposal technology suitable for the small scale sewage treatment plant of our country is sludge composting. (4) the main suggestion is that the sludge disposal is a very important part of the sewage treatment plant, and with the improvement of the sewage treatment rate, the whole sewage treatment system is advanced. Step, the proportion of sludge disposal cost in the whole sewage treatment cost is also increasing, which has been shown in advanced sewage treatment system abroad. The following suggestions are put forward: (1) domestic sewage treatment should pay more attention to sludge disposal link, invest more money and pay attention to sludge disposal, and actively study sludge The sewage treatment plant should strengthen the environmental supervision, pay attention to the supervision of the sludge disposal, avoid the sewage treatment plant to ignore the sludge in order to reduce the cost of sewage treatment. (3) to publicize the fertilizer after the sludge composting treatment, eliminate the prejudice of the buyers on the sludge fertilizer and open the sludge fertilizer. The sale of the market makes the recycling of sludge smoother.

【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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