工业园区环境风险管理自查工具开发与应用

发布时间：2018-04-26 08:49

本文选题：工业园区环境风险 + 蝴蝶结分析法　；参考：《清华大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来我国环境事故不断发生,大多数事故是由工业生产引起的。随着我国城市规划和环境管理的要求不断提升,工业企业已逐步搬迁到工业园区中进行生产,伴随着工业搬迁相应的环境风险也逐渐凸显。因此针对我国20000多个工业园区的环境风险评价和管理需求日益迫切。本文首先对工业园区的环境风险特征进行梳理。在对近年来环境事故发生的原因进行分析后显示,工业园区内危险源众多,容易发生多米诺事故,其风险来源主要是行业生产风险、运输风险以及管理风险,良好的规划和应急措施能有效降低环境风险。为了能够摸清环境风险源导致环境事故的过程,提出合理的管理建议,本文针对突发性环境事故和累积性环境事故这两种事故类型,对工业园区的风险来源------货物运输和行业生产这两大方面,运用重大事故危险识别的方法进行特征事故的识别,设计事故情景。以事故树和事件树结合的蝴蝶结分析为工具,对上述特征事故进行推演分析,总结出工业园区环境风险管理的关键因素。结合环境风险的三个方面,构建出工业园区环境风险管理评价指标体系,提出3大类共13个评价指标。第一类是环境风险源类,包括行业类别、危险物质情况、工艺与设备可靠性、运输情况、排污物质属性与方式;第二类是风险控制机制,包括环境安全管理制度、预警应急制度、监测制度、信息管理制度;第三类是环境风险受体,包括大气状况、水体状况、土壤状况、人口情况。运用层次分析法对工业园区环境风险评价指标体系进行赋值并初步建立工业园区风险等级划分标准。针对工业园区环境风险指标体系中的13个评价指标从工业园区管理的角度,结合相关的法律法规标准以及其他研究成果进行检查项解析。通过检查项的解析识别出园区自主管理环境风险过程中的各项评价因素并开发出能对工业园区进行快速评价分级的环境风险管理检查表。基于上述研究,本文开展了实地调研,针对贵州省两个典型工业园区进行实证分析。从分析结果可以看出,该检查表能够有效地反映工业园区环境风险的大小,同时帮助园区管理层梳理园区内存在的环境风险和环境安全隐患,查找存在的问题和薄弱环节,实现规范化管理为我国工业园区环境风险管理提供了有效的管理工具。
[Abstract]:In recent years, environmental accidents occur continuously in our country, most of them are caused by industrial production. With the increasing demands of urban planning and environmental management in China, industrial enterprises have gradually moved to industrial parks for production, with the corresponding environmental risks of industrial relocation gradually highlighted. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate and manage the environmental risk of more than 20000 industrial parks in China. This paper firstly combs the environmental risk characteristics of industrial parks. After analyzing the causes of environmental accidents in recent years, it is shown that there are many dangerous sources in industrial parks, which are prone to domino accidents. The main sources of risk are industry production risk, transportation risk and management risk. Good planning and emergency measures can effectively reduce environmental risks. In order to find out the process of environmental accident caused by environmental risk source, and put forward some reasonable management suggestions, this paper aims at two types of environmental accident: sudden environmental accident and cumulative environmental accident. To the risk source of industrial park-cargo transportation and industry production, this paper uses the method of identifying the major accident risk to identify the characteristic accident, and designs the accident scene. With the combination of accident tree and event tree, the key factors of environmental risk management in industrial park are summarized by deducing and analyzing the above characteristic accidents. Combined with three aspects of environmental risk, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of environmental risk management in industrial park, and puts forward 13 evaluation indexes in three categories. The first category is the environmental risk source category, including the industry category, the hazardous substance situation, the process and equipment reliability, the transportation condition, the pollutant discharge material attribute and the way; the second kind is the risk control mechanism, including the environmental safety management system, Early warning emergency system, monitoring system, information management system; the third category is the environmental risk receptors, including atmospheric conditions, water conditions, soil conditions, population situation. The evaluation index system of industrial park environmental risk is assigned by AHP and the standard of industrial park risk grade is established preliminarily. According to the 13 evaluation indexes in the environmental risk index system of industrial parks, this paper analyzes the inspection items from the point of view of the management of industrial parks, combined with the relevant laws and regulations standards and other research results. Through the analysis of the inspection items, the evaluation factors in the process of independent management of environmental risk in the park are identified, and an environmental risk management check table which can quickly evaluate and grade the industrial park is developed. Based on the above research, this paper carries out field research and empirical analysis on two typical industrial parks in Guizhou Province. From the analysis results, we can see that the checklist can effectively reflect the size of the environmental risk in the industrial park, at the same time, it helps the management of the park to comb the environmental risk and the hidden danger of the environment in the park, and to find out the existing problems and weak links. The realization of standardized management provides an effective management tool for environmental risk management of industrial parks in China.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X322

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