2000-2010年中原经济区陆地生态系统逐年土地利用与碳储量变化研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 01:32

本文选题：中原经济区 + 陆地生态系统　；参考：《河南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球气候变化已经成为各国政府、社会公众和科学工作者共同关注的重要议题,也是影响人类生存和生活的不容忽视的问题,气候变暖直接影响着人工生态系统以及自然生态系统。碳平衡是地球升温的决定性因素,众多关于全球气候变化的最新文献已经把碳平衡列为研究重点。陆地生态系统是碳平衡的重要一环,其碳储量变化与全球碳循环密切相关。然而,陆地生态系统较为脆弱,不可持续的人类活动时刻冲击着陆地上的土地利用方式和土地覆盖类型,进而影响陆地生态系统的碳储量。中原经济区由地方战略层面上升为国家战略层面的过程,也是由“三化”协调对接“四化”同步的过程。新时期,资源、环境、人口与经济社会发展存在的突出矛盾,决定着中原经济区必须沿着农业与粮食、环境与生态协调发展的道路往前推进。该战略自提出以来,随着社会经济的梯形发展和新型城镇化的逐步推进,中原经济区的土地利用类型和土地覆盖面积发生着明显的转换,土地利用格局的变化进一步加剧了区域陆地生态系统碳储量的变化。本文以LUCC和MODIS数据为数据源,以中原经济区为研究对象,通过时间判定和空间判定制备出研究区2000-2010年的逐年土地利用数据。在该系列数据和区域碳储量评估模型和方法的基础上,本文选择In VEST模型对中原经济区逐年碳储量进行研究和分析。首先对来自两套不同源的三期LUCC数据和八期MODIS数据进行投影坐标系统、空间分辨率和分类标准的统一,然后分别预设30km*30km的分析窗口和500m*500m的次分析窗口,并在分析窗口内对时间变化速率和空间变化定位进行逐一判定,从而得到逐年的LUCC数据;基于文献资料收集陆地生态系统地上部分碳库、地下部分碳库、死亡有机质碳库和土壤碳库的碳密度值,并根据相应的原则选取恰当的数据进行计算分析,最后在Arc GIS平台上加载In VEST模型中的碳储存模块对中原经济区陆地生态系统2000-2010年逐年的碳储量进行估算,并从时间过程和空间格局两个方面进行阐述和深入分析。本研究的主要结论如下:以LUCC数据为基础数据、MODIS数据为参考数据获得的逐年土地利用数据的精度检验值介于0.05km2和9.35km2之间,精度较高,可用于区域碳储量评估和其他相关研究;横向上来讲,研究区内陆地生态系统碳储存能力最强的是湿地/水体,碳储量最大的则是农田;纵向上而言,四大碳库碳密度和碳储量最大的都是土壤碳库,这跟土壤本身富含有机质有关;总体上来看,区域内碳储量逐年递增,且2005-2010年增加速率远远大于2000-2005年,并呈现出西高东低、由北到南呈半环形的空间分布格局。
[Abstract]:Global climate change has become an important issue of concern to governments, the public and scientists. It is also an issue that can not be ignored as it affects the survival and life of human beings. Climate warming directly affects artificial and natural ecosystems. Carbon balance is the decisive factor of global warming. Many recent literatures on global climate change have listed carbon balance as the focus of research. Terrestrial ecosystem is an important part of carbon balance, and its carbon storage is closely related to the global carbon cycle. However, terrestrial ecosystems are relatively fragile, and unsustainable human activities impact land use patterns and land cover types, thus affecting carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems. The process of the Central Plains Economic Zone rising from the local strategic level to the national strategic level is also the process of the "three modernizations" coordinating and docking the "four modernizations". In the new period, the prominent contradiction between resources, environment, population and economic and social development determines that the Central Plains Economic Zone must advance along the road of harmonious development of agriculture and grain, environment and ecology. Since the strategy was put forward, with the development of social economy and the gradual advance of new urbanization, the land use type and land cover area of Central Plains Economic Zone have changed obviously. The change of land use pattern further intensifies the change of carbon storage in regional terrestrial ecosystem. Taking the data of LUCC and MODIS as data sources, taking the Central Plains Economic Zone as the research object, the land use data of the study area from 2000 to 2010 are prepared by time and space determination. Based on the series of data and the regional carbon reserve assessment model and methods, this paper selects in VEST model to study and analyze the annual carbon reserves in the Central Plains Economic Zone. Firstly, the projection coordinate system, spatial resolution and classification criteria are applied to two different sets of three LUCC data and eight MODIS data, and then the analysis window of 30km*30km and the secondary analysis window of 500m*500m are preset, respectively. In the analysis window, the temporal change rate and spatial change location are determined one by one, and the LUCC data are obtained year by year. Based on the literature, the aboveground carbon pool and the underground carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystem are collected. The carbon density of the dead organic carbon pool and the soil carbon pool is calculated and analyzed according to the appropriate data according to the corresponding principles. Finally, the carbon storage module of in VEST model is loaded on Arc GIS platform to estimate the carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystem in Central Plains Economic Zone from 2000 to 2010, and the time process and spatial pattern are discussed and analyzed in depth. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: the accuracy of land use data obtained from LUCC data is between 0.05km2 and 9.35km2, which can be used for regional carbon storage assessment and other related research. Horizontally speaking, the largest carbon storage capacity of terrestrial ecosystems in the study area is wetland / water, while the largest carbon storage is farmland. This is related to the rich organic matter in the soil itself; in general, the carbon reserves in the region increased year by year, and the increasing rate in 2005-2010 was much larger than that in 2000-2005, and the spatial distribution pattern of west high and east low, from north to south was semi-circular.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2;X171

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