煤层气产出水对生物的毒性效应实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 17:26

本文选题：煤层气产出水 + 鲫鱼　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近十年来,我国煤层气进入商业开发阶段,开采规模和强度迅速增大,开采过程中产出水的环境效应及水资源保护已成为煤层气开发所关注的重要问题之一。本文以沁水盆地柿庄南区块为研究区域,对煤层气产出水的水质进行了测试和评价;用模拟配水进行蚕豆根尖微核实验,探讨了煤层气产出水对生物遗传物质的损伤,并开展了煤层气产出水对鲫鱼的急性和亚急性毒性实验,探讨了煤层气产出水对鲫鱼生长和抗氧化酶的影响,得到以下结论:(1)研究区内煤层气田产出水水质特点为高矿化度、高盐度,水样中微量元素氟化物、总铁和总锰含量超标。返排阶段煤层气产出水总盐量在4125.4~4965.1mg/L之间,其水化学类型为Cl~Na型,有机物含量高;生产阶段煤层气产出水总盐量在687.1~1613.7mg/L之间,其水化学类型主要为HCO3~Na型,部分为HCO3-Cl~Na型,氟化物、铁、锰以及氨氮含量超标。(2)蚕豆根尖微核实验表明,返排阶段煤层气产出水中有毒、致突变因子含量较多,主要为表面活性剂和杀菌剂,可能损害生物的细胞遗传机制;生产阶段煤层气产出水中的有毒、致突变因子的含量较少,主要是铁、锰、铅和常规的无机离子,对生物的细胞遗传机能不会造成很大的影响。(3)进行了返排阶段煤层气产出水对鲫鱼的急性毒性实验,由改良寇氏法计算得到的24h LC50、48h LC50、72h LC50和96h LC50分别为0.234%、0.222%、0.211%和0.207%,安全浓度为0.021%;由概率单位法计算得到24h LC50、48h LC50、72h LC50和96h LC50分别为0.236%、0.220%、0.208%和0.203%,安全浓度为0.020%。短期暴露24h后鲫鱼鳃组织中,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在0.164%浓度下被显著抑制,其它组的SOD活性均受到显著诱导,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均受到显著的抑制作用,过氧化物酶(POD)活性受到不同程度的诱导或抑制作用。在肝组织中,不同浓度下的SOD活性受到不同程度的诱导作用,CAT活性和POD活性被不同程度的诱导或抑制。(4)生产阶段煤层气产出水对鲫鱼的生长有不同程度的抑制作用,而高浓度和低浓度的产出水在抑制鲫鱼生长上没有显著的差异。在鲫鱼的鳃组织中,两个处理组的SOD的活力呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,被显著诱导或抑制;半浓度组的CAT活性变化趋势呈先上升后下降,而全浓度组的CAT活性呈现上下波动,两个处理组的CAT活性受到不同程度的诱导或抑制作用;全浓度组的POD活性在整个试验周期内均被抑制,半浓度组的POD活性呈现下降的变化趋势,POD活性先受到诱导作用再受到抑制作用。在鲫鱼的肝组织中,全浓度组SOD活性呈现先上升后下降再上升的变化趋势,而半浓度组的SOD活性呈现先降后升的变化趋势,两个处理组的SOD活性被显著诱导或抑制;CAT活性呈现下降的趋,在整个实验周期,两个处理组的CAT活性均被显著抑制;半浓度组和全浓度组的POD活性呈现先上升后下降再上升的趋势,POD活性受到不同程度的诱导或抑制作用。上述研究结果表明,煤层气产出水中主要含有氟化物、铁、锰和有毒有害的有机物等污染组分,若不经处理外排将对周边的土壤、地表水体和地下水构成污染威胁,同时将对污染区域内的生物造成威胁。
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, coal seam gas in China has entered the stage of commercial development, the scale and intensity of mining have increased rapidly. The environmental effect of the production of water and the protection of water resources have become one of the important problems in the development of coal bed gas. The experiment of micronucleus in the root tip of broad bean was carried out with simulated water distribution, and the damage to the biological genetic material was discussed. The acute and subacute toxicity test of CBM produced water to Carassius auratus was carried out. The effects of CBM production on the growth of Carassius auratus and the effects of antioxidant enzymes were discussed. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) the coalbed gas field in the study area The water quality of the output water is high salinity, high salinity, trace element fluorides in water samples, total iron and total manganese content exceeding standard. The total amount of salt in the effluent of coalbed gas production is between 4125.4~4965.1mg/L and Cl~Na, and the content of organic matter is high in the stage of backdischarge. The total salt of the output water of coal bed gas is between 687.1~1613.7mg/L and its hydrochemistry at the stage of production. The main types are HCO3~Na type, part HCO3-Cl~Na, fluoride, iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen. (2) the micronucleus test of the root tip of Vicia faba showed that the coal seam gas produced in the back row stage was toxic in the effluent, and the mutagenicity factors were more, mainly surface active agents and fungicides, which could damage the biological cell genetic mechanism and the production stage of coalbed methane production. There are few toxic and mutagenicity factors in the water, mainly iron, manganese, lead and conventional inorganic ions, which do not have great influence on the cell genetic function of the biological. (3) the acute toxicity test of the effluent to the Carassius auratus from the back row stage of the coal seam gas is carried out, and the 24h LC50,48h LC50,72h LC50 and 96h LC50 obtained by the improved colt method are respectively calculated. The safety concentration was 0.234%, 0.222%, 0.211% and 0.207%, and the safety concentration was 0.021%; the 24h LC50,48h LC50,72h LC50 and 96h LC50 were calculated by the probability unit method for 0.236%, 0.220%, 0.208% and 0.203% respectively. The safe concentration was in the gill tissue of the crucian carp after 0.020%. exposure. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly inhibited in 0.164% concentration, and the S of the other groups was S. The activity of OD was significantly induced, and the activity of catalase (CAT) was significantly inhibited and the activity of peroxidase (POD) was induced or inhibited in varying degrees. In liver tissues, the activity of SOD under different concentrations was induced by varying degrees. The activity of CAT and the activity of POD were induced or suppressed in varying degrees. (4) production There is no significant difference in the growth of Carassius auratus by the effluent of the CBM stage, while there is no significant difference in the growth of Carassius auratus by the high concentration and low concentration of the output water. In the gill tissue of the crucian carp, the activity of the SOD in the two treatment groups decreases and then rises, and the CAT activity changes in the semi concentration group. The CAT activity of the whole concentration group fluctuated up and down, and the CAT activity of the two treatment groups was induced or inhibited in different degrees. The POD activity of the whole concentration group was suppressed in the whole test period, the POD activity in the half concentration group showed a decreasing trend, and the POD activity was first induced to be induced again. In the liver tissue of Carassius auratus, the activity of SOD in the total concentration group showed a trend of rising and then decreasing, while the SOD activity in the semi concentration group showed a trend of first decreasing and then rising, and the SOD activity of the two treated groups was significantly induced or suppressed; the CAT activity showed a decline in activity, and the CAT activity of the two treated groups in the whole experimental period. The POD activity in the half concentration group and the full concentration group showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing and then rising, and the activity of POD was induced or inhibited in different degrees. The results showed that the main pollution components in the coal bed gas produced water were fluoride, iron, manganese and toxic and harmful organic matter, if the effluent was not treated by the outer row. The surrounding soil, surface water and underground water pose a pollution threat, and at the same time pose a threat to the organisms in the polluted area.

【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X741;X171.5

【参考文献】